DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

3D QSAR Study on Pyrrolopyrimidines-Based Derivatives as LIM2 Kinase Inhibitors

  • Balasubramanian, Pavithra K. (Department of Bio-New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Chosun University) ;
  • Balupuri, Anand (Department of Bio-New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Chosun University) ;
  • Cho, Seung Joo (Department of Bio-New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Chosun University)
  • Received : 2015.10.16
  • Accepted : 2015.12.25
  • Published : 2015.12.30

Abstract

LIM kinases belong to the serine/Threonine kinase family. The members of the LIM kinase (LIMK) family include LIMK 1 and 2 which are involved in the regulation of actin polymerisation and microtubule disassembly. LIMK1 was shown to be involved in cancer metastasis, while LIMK2 activation promotes cells cycle progression. Since LIMK2 plays a vital role in many disease conditions such as pulmonary hypertension, cancer and viral diseases, and till date there are not much selective inhibitors been reported, LIMK2 becomes an interesting therapeutic target among the kinases. 3D QSAR study was carried out on a series of pyrrolopyrimidines based derivatives as LIMK2 inhibitors. A reasonable CoMFA ($q^2$=0.888; ONC=3; $r^2$=0.974) with good statistical values was developed. The developed model was validated using 1000 runs of boostrapping and was found to be predictable. The results of CoMFA contour map analysis suggested that the bulky substitution at $R_4$ and $R_5$ position are highly desirable to increase the activity. Similarly, positive substitution at $R_3$ position is also required to increase the activity. It is also noted that bulky substitution at $R_1$ position must be avoided. Our results could provide valuable information to enhance the activity of the LIMK2 inhibitors and to design potent pyrrolopyrimidines derivatives.

Keywords

References

  1. K. Mizuno, I Okano, K. Ohashi, K. Nunoue, K. Kuma, T. Miyata, and T. Nakamura, "Identification of a human cDNA encoding a novel protein kinase with two repeats of the LIM/double zinc finger motif.", Oncogene, Vol. 9, pp. 1605-1612, 1994.
  2. I. Okano, J. Hiraoka, H. Otera, K, Nunoue, K. Ohashi, S. Iwashita, M. Hirai, and K. Mizuno, "Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs", J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 270, pp. 31321-31330, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.52.31321
  3. O. Bernard, "Lim kinases, regulators of actin dynamics.", Int. J. Biochem. Cell B., Vol. 39, pp. 1071-1076, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2006.11.011
  4. K. Ohashi, K. Nagata, M. Maekawa, T. Ishizaki, S. Narumiya, and K. Mizuno, "Rho-associated kinase ROCK activates LIM-kinase 1 by phosphorylation at threonine 508 within the activation loop", J. Biol Chem., Vol. 275, pp. 3577-3582, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.5.3577
  5. T. Amano, K. Tanabe, T. Eto, S. Karumiya, and K. Mizuno, "LIM-kinase 2 induces formation of stress fibres, focal adhesions and membrane blebs, dependent on its activation by Rho-associated kinase-catalysed phosphorylation at threonine -505", Biochem J., Vol. 354, pp. 149-159, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3540149
  6. T. Sumi, K. Matsumoto, and T. Nakamura, "Specific activation of LIM kinase 2 via phosphorylation of threonine 505 by ROCK, a Rho-dependent protein kinase", J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 276, pp. 670-676, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M007074200
  7. F. Manetti, "LIM kinases are attractive targets with many macromolecular partners and only a few small molecule regulators", Med. Res. Rev., Vol. 32, pp. 968-998, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.20230
  8. B. A. Harrison, B. A. Harrison, N. A. Whitlock, M. V. Voronkov, Z. Y. Almstead, K.-J. Gu, R. Mabon, M. Gardyan, B. D. Hamman, J. Allen, S. Gopinathan, B. McKnight, M. Crist, Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. F. Courtney, B. Key, J. Zhou, N. Patel, P. W. Yates, Q Liu, A. G. E. Wilson, S. D. Kimball, C. E. Crosson, D. S. Rice, and D. B. Rawlins, "Novel class of LIM-kinase 2 inhibitors for the treatment of ocular hypertension and associated glaucoma", J. Med. Chem., Vol. 52, pp. 6515-6518, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm901226j
  9. Y.-P. Dai, S. Bongalon, H. Tian, S. D. Parks, V. N. Mutafova-Yambolieva, and L. A. Yamboliev, "Upregulation of profilin, cofilin-2 and LIMK2 in cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and in pulmonary arteries of monocrotaline-treated rats", Vasc. Pharmacol., Vol. 44, pp. 275-282, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2005.11.008
  10. F. Manetti, "HIV-1 proteins join the family of LIM kinase partners. New roads open up for HIV-1 treatment", Drug Discov. Today, Vol.17, pp. 81-88, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2011.08.004
  11. P. Ross-Macdonald, H. D. Silva, Q. Guo, H. Xiao, C.-Y. Hung, B. Penhallow, J. Markwalder, L. He, R. M. Attar, T.-A. Lin, S. Seitz, C. Tilford, J. Wardwell- Swanson, and D. Jackson, "Identification of a nonkinase target mediating cytotoxicity of novel kinase inhibitors", Mol. Cancer Ther., Vol. 7, pp. 3490-3498, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0826
  12. P. K. Balasubramanian, A. Balupuri, and S. J. Cho, "Ligand-based CoMFA study on pyridylpyrazolopyridine derivatives as $PKC{\theta}$ kinase inhibitors", J. Chosun Natural Sci., Vol. 7, pp. 253-259, 2014. https://doi.org/10.13160/ricns.2014.7.4.253
  13. P. K. Balasubramanian, A. Balupuri, and S. J. Cho, "A CoMFA study of phenoxypyridine-based JNK3 inhibitors using various partial charge schemes", J. Chosun Natural Sci., Vol. 7, pp. 45-49, 2014. https://doi.org/10.13160/ricns.2014.7.1.45
  14. P. K. Balasubramanian and S. J. Cho, "HQSAR analysis on novel series of 1-(4-phenylpiperazin-1- yl-2-(1H-Pyrazol-1-yl) ethanone derivatives targeting CCR1", J. Chosun Natural Sci., Vol. 6, pp. 163- 169, 2013. https://doi.org/10.13160/ricns.2013.6.3.163
  15. A. Balupuri and S. J. Cho, "Exploration of the binding mode of indole derivatives as potent HIV-1 inhibitors using molecular docking simulations", J. Chosun Natural Sci., Vol. 6, pp. 138-142, 2013. https://doi.org/10.13160/ricns.2013.6.3.138
  16. S. J. Cho, "The importance of halogen bonding: A tutorial", J. Chosun Natural Sci., Vol. 5, pp. 195- 197, 2012. https://doi.org/10.13160/ricns.2012.5.3.195
  17. S. Boland, A. Bourin, J. Alen, J. Geraets, P. Schroeders, k. Castermans, N. Kindt, N. Boumans, L. Panitti, J. Vanormelingen, S. Fransen, S. V. D. Velde, and O. Befert, "Design, synthesis and biological characterization of selective LIMK inhibitors", Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., Vol. 25, pp. 4005- 4010, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.009
  18. SYBYLx2.1, Tripos International, 1699 South Hanley Road, St. Louis, Missouri, 63144, USA.
  19. R. D. Cramer, D. E. Patterson, and J. D. Bunce, "Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). 1. Effect of shape on binding of steroids to carrier proteins", J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 110, pp. 5959- 5967,1988. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00226a005

Cited by

  1. 3D QSAR Studies of Mps1 (TTK) Kinase Inhibitors Based on CoMFA vol.9, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.13160/ricns.2016.9.2.113
  2. 3D-QSAR Study on Imidazopyridazines Derivatives as Potent Pim-1 Kinase Inhibitors using Region-Focused CoMFA vol.10, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.13160/ricns.2017.10.2.95