Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Stochastic cost optimization of ground improvement with prefabricated vertical drains and surcharge preloading

  • Kim, Hyeong-Joo (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Lee, Kwang-Hyung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Jamin, Jay C. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Mission, Jose Leo C. (SK Engineering and Construction (SK E&C))
  • Received : 2013.12.09
  • Accepted : 2014.07.17
  • Published : 2014.11.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The typical design of ground improvement with prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) and surcharge preloading involves a series of deterministic analyses using averaged or mean soil properties for the various combination of the PVD spacing and surcharge preloading height that would meet the criteria for minimum consolidation time and required degree of consolidation. The optimum design combination is then selected in which the total cost of ground improvement is a minimum. Considering the variability and uncertainties of the soil consolidation parameters, as well as considering the effects of soil disturbance (smear zone) and drain resistance in the analysis, this study presents a stochastic cost optimization of ground improvement with PVD and surcharge preloading. Direct Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and importance sampling (IS) technique is used in the stochastic analysis by limiting the sampled random soil parameters within the range from a minimum to maximum value while considering their statistical distribution. The method has been verified in a case study of PVD improved ground with preloading, in which average results of the stochastic analysis showed a good agreement with field monitoring data.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

References

  1. Abu-Hejleh, A.N. and Znidarcic, D. (1995), "Desiccation theory for soft cohesive soils", J. Geotech. Eng. - ASCE. 121(6), 493-502. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:6(493)
  2. Barron, R.A. (1948), "Consolidation of fine-grained soils by drain wells", Trans. ASCE, 113, 718-742.
  3. Bergado, D.T., Assakami, H., Alfaro M. and Balasubramaniam, A.S. (1991), "Smear effects of vertical drains on soft Bangkok clay", J. Geotech. Eng. - ASCE, 117(10), 1509-1529. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:10(1509)
  4. Bo, M.W., Bawajee, R., Chu, J. and Choa, V. (2000), "Investigation of smear zone around vertical drain", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ground Improvement Techniques, Singapore, September, pp. 109-114.
  5. Chai, J.C., Miura, N., Kirekawa, T. and Hino, T. (2009), "Optimum PVD installation depth for two-way drainage deposit", Geomech. Eng.. Int. J., 1(3), 179-192. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2009.1.3.179
  6. Chen, C.S. (2004), "Use of prefabricated vertical drain to expedite the consolidation settlement", Seminar and Exhibition on Building on Geosynthetics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June-July.
  7. Das, B.M. (2010), "Principles of geotechnical engineering", Cengage Learning, Stamford, CT, USA.
  8. Duncan, J.M. (2000), "Factors of safety and reliability in geotechnical engineering", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. - ASCE, 126(4), 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:4(307)
  9. Griffiths, D.V. and Fenton, G.A. (2007), Probabilistic Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Number 491, Springer, New York, NY, USA.
  10. Hansbo, S. (1979), "Consolidation of clay by band-shaped prefabricated drains", Ground Eng., 12(5), 16-25.
  11. Hansbo, S. (1981), "Consolidation of fine-grained soils by prefabricated drains", Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics, Stockholm, Sweden, Volume 3(Paper 12/22), pp. 677-682.
  12. Hansbo, S. (1997), "Aspects of vertical drain design: Darcian or non-Darcian flow", Geotechnique, 47(5), 983-992. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1997.47.5.983
  13. Harr, M.E. (1987), Reliability-Based Design in Civil Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, USA.
  14. Hird, C.C. and Moseley, V.J. (2000), "Model study of seepage in smear zones around vertical drains in layered soil", Geotechnique, 50(1), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2000.50.1.89
  15. Holtz, R.D., Jamiolkowski, M., Lancellotta, R. and Pedroni, S. (1987), "Performance of prefabricated band-shaped drains", Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA), London, UK, Report RPS 364.
  16. Indraratna, B. and Redna, I.W. (1998), "Laboratory determination of smear zone due to vertical drain installation", J. Geotech. Eng. - ASCE, 124(2), 180-184. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:2(180)
  17. Jones, A.L., Kramer, S.L. and Arduino, P. (2002), "Estimation of uncertainty in geotechnical properties for performance-based earthquake engineering", PEER Report 2002/16, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  18. Kulhawy, F.H. (1992), "On the evaluation of static soil properties", Geotechnical Special Publication-ASCE, 31, 95-115.
  19. Lacasse, S. and Nadim, F. (2010), "Uncertainties in characterizing soil properties", Proceedings of the Uncertainty in the Geologic Environment. From Theory to Practice. Geotechnical Special Publication No. 58, Madison, WI, USA, July-August, pp. 49-75.
  20. Mathworks (2010), MATLAB, The MathWorks, Inc.
  21. Mission, J.L., Kim, H.J. and Won, M.S. (2012), "Ground improvement optimization with prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) and preloading", Proceedings of the 2012 World Congress on Advances in Civil. Environmental. and Materials Research (ACEM'12), Techno-Press, Seoul, Korea, August, pp. 2817-2820.
  22. Onoue, A. (1992), "Precompression and vertical drain designs", Workshop on Applied Ground Improvement Techniques, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, AIT, 1-78.
  23. Phoon, K. and Kulhawy, F.H. (1999), "Evaluation of geotechnical property variability", Can. Geotech. J., 36(4), 612-624. https://doi.org/10.1139/t99-038
  24. Rixner, J.J., Kraemer, S.R. and Smith, A.D. (1986), "Prefabricated vertical drains: Vol. 1", Engineering Guidelines, Report No. FHWA/RD-86/168, Federal Highway Administration, VA, USA.
  25. Townsend, F.C. and Anderson, J.B. (2004), "A compendium of ground medication techniques", Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), US Department of Transportation.
  26. USACE (1999), Guidelines on Ground Improvement for Structures and Embankments, Report No. ETL 1110-1-185, US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C., USA.
  27. Xiao, D.P. (2001), "Consolidation of soft clay using vertical drains", Ph.D. Thesis, Namyang Technological University, Singapore.

Cited by

  1. Experimental investigation of lateral displacement of PVD-improved deposit vol.9, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.9.5.585
  2. Equivalent ‘smear’ effect due to non-uniform consolidation surrounding a PVD vol.67, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.16.P.087
  3. Rao-3 algorithm for the weight optimization of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall vol.20, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.6.527
  4. Microbially Induced Desaturation and Carbonate Precipitation through Denitrification: A Review vol.11, pp.17, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11177842