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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction in Solid Tumors

  • Lei, Yuan-Yuan (Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University) ;
  • Wang, Wei-Jia (Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University) ;
  • Mei, Jin-Hong (Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University) ;
  • Wang, Chun-Liang (Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University)
  • Published : 2014.11.06

Abstract

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an important signaling pathway in living beings in response to extracellular stimuli. There are 5 main subgroups manipulating by a set of sequential actions: ERK(ERK1/ERK2), c-Jun N(JNK/SAPK), p38 MAPK($p38{\alpha}$, $p38{\beta}$, $p38{\gamma}$ and $p38{\delta}$), and ERK3/ERK4/ERK5. When stimulated, factors of upstream or downstream change, and by interacting with each other, these groups have long been recognized to be related to multiple biologic processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, death, migration, invasion and inflammation. However, once abnormally activated, cancer may occur. Several components of the MAPK network have already been proposed as targets in cancer therapy, such as p38, JNK, ERK, MEK, RAF, RAS, and DUSP1. Among them, alteration of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK(RAS-MAPK) pathway has frequently been reported in human cancer as a result of abnormal activation of receptor tyrosine kinases or gain-of-function mutations in genes. The reported roles of MAPK signaling in apoptotic cell death are controversial, so that further in-depth investigations are needed to address these controversies. Based on an extensive analysis of published data, the goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent studies about the mechanism of MAP kinases, and how it generates certain tumors, as well as related treatments.

Keywords

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  7. Proliferative effects of gamma-amino butyric acid on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells are associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways vol.38, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2597
  8. Gene expression profile analysis of dbpA knockdown in colorectal cancer cells vol.40, pp.12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.10670
  9. Phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression is associated with clinical factors in invasive breast cancer vol.5, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2636-0
  10. The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathway as a Discovery Target in Stroke vol.59, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-016-0717-8
  11. α-Tocopheryl succinate affects malignant cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation vol.81, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297916080034
  12. Moscatilin induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via reactive oxygen species and the JNK/SAPK pathway vol.15, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6144
  13. MAPK pathways regulation by DUSP1 in the development of osteosarcoma: Potential markers and therapeutic targets vol.56, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.22619
  14. Four New Sulfated Polar Steroids from the Far Eastern Starfish Leptasterias ochotensis: Structures and Activities vol.13, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/md13074418
  15. Effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen on gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and ER-α36 expression vol.13, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2016.5424
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  17. Genome-wide genetic analyses highlight mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the pathogenesis of endometriosis vol.32, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex024
  18. Effect of the BH3 Mimetic Polyphenol (–)-Gossypol (AT-101) on the in vitro and in vivo Growth of Malignant Mesothelioma vol.9, pp.1663-9812, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01269
  19. FGF9/FGFR2 increase cell proliferation by activating ERK1/2, Rb/E2F1, and cell cycle pathways in mouse Leydig tumor cells pp.13479032, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.13793
  20. Inhibition of ERK1/2 downregulates triglyceride and palmitic acid accumulation in cashmere goat foetal fibroblasts vol.46, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1480486
  21. Inhibitory effects of CP on the growth of human gastric adenocarcinoma BGC-823 tumours in nude mice vol.46, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060518761505
  22. Effects of microRNA-129 and its target gene c-Fos on proliferation and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in rats with epilepsy via the MAPK signaling pathway vol.233, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26297
  23. MicroRNA-374b inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through the p38/ERK signaling pathway by binding to JAM-2 vol.233, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26574
  24. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in endometriosis using Illumina Human Methylation 450 K BeadChips pp.1040452X, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.23127