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Physico-mechanical Properties and Optimum Manufacturing Conditions of Bi-Sn Metal Alloy Impregnated Wood Composites

Bi-Sn 용융합금주입 목재복합체의 최적제조조건 및 물리·기계적 특성

  • Park, Kye-Shin (Department of Bio-based Materials, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Hwa-Hyoung (Department of Bio-based Materials, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kang, Seog Goo (Department of Bio-based Materials, Chungnam National University)
  • 박계신 (충남대학교 환경소재공학과) ;
  • 이화형 (충남대학교 환경소재공학과) ;
  • 강석구 (충남대학교 환경소재공학과)
  • Received : 2014.03.31
  • Accepted : 2014.06.20
  • Published : 2014.11.25

Abstract

In order to improve the dimensional stability and durability of wood, this study attempted to impregnate bismuth (Bi) - tin (Sn) alloy metal with low melting temperature into solid woods of three species such as radiata pine, red oak and white oak, and investigated to determine an optimum condition of manufacturing the metal alloy-wood composites with natural wood grains. These Bi-Sn alloys were chosen for this study because they were harmless to human and melting at low temperatures. The composites resulted in high dimensional stability and low thickness swelling, and also showed much improved performance such as high bending strength, high hardness, high electric conductivity, and high thermal conductivity as floor materials. A proper impregnating condition of all specimens was determined as 10 minutes of the preliminary vacuum time, and $185^{\circ}C$ of the heating temperature. The proper processing condition for radiata pine wood was 2.5 minutes of the pressuring time at the pressure of $10kgf/cm^2$. For red oak wood, 10 minutes of the pressuring time at the pressure of $30kgf/cm^2$ were the proper condition. The proper manufacture conditions for white oak wood was determined as 10 minutes of the pressuring time at the pressure of $50kgf/cm^2$.

용융점이 $138^{\circ}C$인 Bi-Sn 혼합합금 주입방법을 이용한 용융합금주입목재복합체의 제조를 통해 목재의 단점인 치수 안정성과 내구성의 개선을 하고자 3가지 주요 침 활엽수 수종의 수종별 최적주입조건을 구명하고, 주입에 따른 금속주입목재복합체의 중량증가율, 열전도도, 전기저항 등의 물리적 성질과 기계적 성질을 실험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 금속주입목재의 최적처리 조건은 $185^{\circ}C$, 진공시간 10분 조건하에서 radiata pine의 경우 $10kgf/cm^2$ 가압시간 2분 30초, red oak는 $30kgf/cm^2$, 가압시간 10분, white oak는 $50kgf/cm^2$, 가압시간 10분에서 최적의 주입조건을 나타냈다. 2. 금속주입목재복합체의 외관적 특징은 전체적으로 재색은 회백색을 나타냈으며, 목재의 무늬를 그대로 유지하고 있다. 3. 침엽수 수종인 radiata pine은 저온용융합금주입처리로 인해 중량증가율은 12배, 밀도는 $6.13g/cm^3$으로 15배나 증가하였으나, 인테리어용으로 주로 사용되는 red oak와 white oak 등의 활엽수의 경우 목재해부학적 특성으로 의해 radiata pine보다는 낮은 5~6배의 밀도증가율을 나타냈다. 4. 주입된 목재는 침 활엽수 모두 금속주입으로 인해 수분흡수율과 두께팽윤율이 현저히 감소하였고, 매우 높은 치수 안정성을 나타냈으며, 금속주입목재복합체의 휨강도, 휨영계수, 경도 및 전기전도도와 열전도도 등도 무처리목재보다 매우 크게 향상되었다.

Keywords

References

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