DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A comparative evaluation of $CO_2$ and erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser therapy in the management of dentin hypersensitivity and assessment of mineral content

  • Belal, Mahmoud Helmy (Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology & Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Fayoum University) ;
  • Yassin, Abdulaziz (Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University)
  • Received : 2014.05.10
  • Accepted : 2014.08.30
  • Published : 2014.10.31

Abstract

Purpose: Dentin hypersensitivity is a potential threat to oral health. Laser irradiation may provide reliable and reproducible treatment but remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of $CO_2$ or erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser therapy, and to assess mineral content. Methods: Eighteen human single-rooted teeth affected with advanced periodontitis were obtained. Buccal and lingual surfaces were planed to form 36 specimens. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel (24%) was applied to remove the smear layer and simulate hypersensitive teeth. The experimental groups were: group 1, control (no irradiation); group 2, $CO_2$ laser (repetitive pulsed mode, 2 W, $2.7J/cm^2$); and group 3, Er:YAG laser (slight contact mode, 40 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz). To evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion, six specimens per group (2-mm thickness) were prepared and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for calculation of the occlusion percentage. To evaluate the mineral content, six specimens per group (0.6-mm thickness) were used, and then the levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In addition, the surface temperature of the specimens during laser irradiation was analyzed by a thermograph. Results: The SEM photomicrographs indicated melted areas around exposed dentinal tubules and a significantly greater percentage of tubular occlusion in the $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser groups than the control, and in the Er:YAG group than the $CO_2$ laser group. In addition, no significant differences were noted among the experimental groups for the mineral elements analyzed. The $CO_2$ laser group showed an evident thermal effect compared to the Er:YAG group. Conclusions: $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser are effective in treating dentin hypersensitivity and reducing its symptoms. However, the Er:YAG laser has a more significant effect; thus, it may constitute a useful conditioning item. Furthermore, neither $CO_2$ nor Er:YAG lasers affected the compositional structure of the mineral content.

Keywords

References

  1. Petersson LG. The role of fluoride in the preventive management of dentin hypersensitivity and root caries. Clin Oral Investig 2013;17 Suppl 1:S63-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0916-9
  2. Tonguc MO, Ozat Y, Sert T, Sonmez Y, Kirzioglu FY. Tooth sensitivity in fluorotic teeth. Eur J Dent 2011;5:273-80.
  3. Barbour ME, Rees GD. The role of erosion, abrasion and attrition in tooth wear. J Clin Dent 2006;17:88-93.
  4. Lee BS, Chang CW, Chen WP, Lan WH, Lin CP. In vitro study of dentin hypersensitivity treated by Nd:YAP laser and bioglass. Dent Mater 2005;21:511-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2004.08.002
  5. Markowitz K, Pashley DH. Discovering new treatments for sensitive teeth: the long path from biology to therapy. J Oral Rehabil 2008;35:300-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01798.x
  6. Brannstrom M, Astrom A. The hydrodynamics of the dentine; its possible relationship to dentinal pain. Int Dent J 1972;22:219-27.
  7. Arrais CA, Micheloni CD, Giannini M, Chan DC. Occluding effect of dentifrices on dentinal tubules. J Dent 2003;31:577-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-5712(03)00115-5
  8. Pashley DH, Galloway SE. The effects of oxalate treatment on the smear layer of ground surfaces of human dentine. Arch Oral Biol 1985;30:731-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(85)90185-2
  9. Kerns DG, Scheidt MJ, Pashley DH, Horner JA, Strong SL, Van Dyke TE. Dentinal tubule occlusion and root hypersensitivity. J Periodontol 1991;62:421-8. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1991.62.7.421
  10. Jacobsen PL, Bruce G. Clinical dentin hypersensitivity: understanding the causes and prescribing a treatment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001;2:1-12.
  11. Matsumoto K, Funai H, Shirasuka T, Wakabayashi H. Effects of Nd: YAG- laser in treatment of cervical hypersensitive dentine. Jpn J Conserv Dent 1985;28:760-5.
  12. Rohanizadeh R, LeGeros RZ, Fan D, Jean A, Daculsi G. Ultrastructural properties of laser-irradiated and heat-treated dentin. J Dent Res 1999;78:1829-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345990780121001
  13. Zhang C, Matsumoto K, Kimura Y, Harashima T, Takeda FH, Zhou H. Effects of CO2 laser in treatment of cervical dentinal hypersensitivity. J Endod 1998;24:595-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(98)80117-9
  14. Aranha AC, Domingues FB, Franco VO, Gutknecht N, Eduardo Cde P. Effects of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers on dentin permeability in root surfaces: a preliminary in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2005;23:504-8. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2005.23.504
  15. Kimura Y, Wilder-Smith P, Yonaga K, Matsumoto K. Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity by lasers: a review. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27:715-21. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027010715.x
  16. Kantorowitz Z, Featherstone JD, Fried D. Caries prevention by CO2 laser treatment: dependency on the number of pulses used. J Am Dent Assoc 1998;129:585-91. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0276
  17. Ten Cate AR. Composition formation and structure of dentin. In: Nanci A, Ten Cate AR. Ten Cate's oral histology: development, structure, and function. 7th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2008. p.166-8.
  18. Ari H, Erdemir A. Effects of endodontic irrigation solutions on mineral content of root canal dentin using ICP-AES technique. J Endod 2005;31:187-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.don.0000137643.54109.81
  19. Pulido MT, Wefel JS, Hernandez MM, Denehy GE, Guzman-Armstrong S, Chalmers JM, et al. The inhibitory effect of MI paste, fluoride and a combination of both on the progression of artificial caries-like lesions in enamel. Oper Dent 2008;33:550-5. https://doi.org/10.2341/07-136
  20. Wiesmann HP, Tkotz T, Joos U, Zierold K, Stratmann U, Szuwart T, et al. Magnesium in newly formed dentin mineral of rat incisor. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:380-3. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.3.380
  21. Deutsch AS, Cohen BI, Musikant BL. Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption for the use of elemental analysis of a root canal after lasing with a holmium:YAG laser. J Endod 2003;29:404-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200306000-00006
  22. Secilmis A, Altintas S, Usumez A, Berk G. Evaluation of mineral content of dentin prepared by erbium, chromium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser. Lasers Med Sci 2008;23:421-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-007-0498-y
  23. Khabbaz MG, Makropoulou MI, Serafetinides AA, Papadopoulos D,Papagiakoumou E. Q-switched versus free-running Er:YAG laser efficacy on the root canal walls of human teeth: a SEM study. J Endod 2004;30:585-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.DON.0000121612.74269.0D
  24. Hamachi T, Iwamoto Y, Hirofuji T, Kabashima H, Maeda K. Clinical evaluation of GaAlAs-semicondoctor laser in the treatment of cervical hypersensitivity dentin. Jpn J Conserv Dent 1992;35:12-7.
  25. Absi EG, Addy M, Adams D. Dentine hypersensitivity. A study of the patency of dentinal tubules in sensitive and non-sensitive cervical dentine. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:280-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1987.tb01533.x
  26. Schwarz F, Arweiler N, Georg T, Reich E. Desensitizing effects of an Er:YAG laser on hypersensitive dentine. J Clin Periodontol 2002;29:211-5. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290305.x
  27. Lan WH, Lee BS, Liu HC, Lin CP. Morphologic study of Nd:YAG laser usage in treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. J Endod 2004; 30:131-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200403000-00001
  28. Bonin P, Boivin R, Poulard J. Dentinal permeability of the dog canine after exposure of a cervical cavity to the beam of a CO2 laser. J Endod 1991;17:116-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81741-3
  29. Moritz A, Gutknecht N, Schoop U, Wernisch J, Lampert F, Sperr W. Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on treatment of hypersensitive dental necks: results of an in vitro study. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1995;13:397-400.
  30. Moritz A, Gutknecht N, Schoop U, Goharkhay K, Ebrahim D, Wernisch J, et al. The advantage of CO2-treated dental necks, in comparison with a standard method: results of an in vivo study. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1996;14:27-32.
  31. Aoki A, Ando Y, Watanabe H, Ishikawa I. In vitro studies on laser scaling of subgingival calculus with an erbium:YAG laser. J Periodontol 1994;65:1097-106. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1097
  32. Walsh JT Jr, Flotte TJ, Deutsch TF. Er:YAG laser ablation of tissue: effect of pulse duration and tissue type on thermal damage. Lasers Surg Med 1989;9:314-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.1900090403
  33. Matsui S, Kozuka M, Takayama J, Ueda K, Nakamura H, Ito K, et al. Stimulatory Effects of CO(2) Laser, Er:YAG Laser and Ga-Al-As Laser on Exposed Dentinal Tubule Orifices. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2008; 42:138-43. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2008020
  34. Takeda FH, Harashima T, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. A comparative study of the removal of smear layer by three endodontic irrigants and two types of laser. Int Endod J 1999;32:32-9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00182.x
  35. Rosing CK, Fiorini T, Liberman DN, Cavagni J. Dentine hypersensitivity: analysis of self-care products. Braz Oral Res 2009;23 Suppl 1:56-63. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242009000500009
  36. Dilber E, Malkoc MA, Ozturk AN, Ozturk F. Effect of various laser irradiations on the mineral content of dentin. Eur J Dent 2013;7:74-80.
  37. Kashima-Tanaka M, Tsujimoto Y, Kawamoto K, Senda N, Ito K, Yamazaki M. Generation of free radicals and/or active oxygen by light or laser irradiation of hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite. J Endod 2003;29:141-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200302000-00013
  38. Lee BS, Lin CP, Hung YL, Lan WH. Structural changes of Er:YAG laser-irradiated human dentin. Photomed Laser Surg 2004;22:330-4. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2004.22.330

Cited by

  1. The Effectiveness of Er.Cr.YSGG Laser in Sustained Dentinal Tubules Occlusion Using Scanning Electron Microscopy vol.7, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.15406/jdhodt.2017.07.00261
  2. Clinical Effectiveness of Er: YAG Lasers Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Non-Surgical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials vol.24, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.911863
  3. Effects of different treatments on chemical and morphological features of eroded dentin vol.33, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2482-0
  4. Comparison of Er,Cr:YSGG and diode laser effects on dentin hypersensitivity: a split-mouth randomized clinical trial vol.23, pp.11, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02841-z
  5. The effects of 45S5 bioactive glass and Er:YAG Laser on the microtensile bond strength of fluorosed teeth vol.83, pp.12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23550
  6. Effect of Er:YAG Laser and Association of Protocols on the Demineralized Enamel Microhardness vol.39, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2020.4974