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Nine Cases of Soft Tissue Infection Due to Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium

비결핵항산균에 의한 피부, 연부조직 감염 9예

  • Kim, Hyo-Hoon (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Shin-Woo (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Chang, Hyun-Ha (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hye-In (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jeong, Ju-Young (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jin, Sun (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Jung-Wha (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Hye-Jin (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Min-Hye (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Myung (Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine)
  • 김효훈 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 김신우 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 장현하 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 김혜인 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 정주영 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 진선 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 박정화 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 정혜진 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 김민혜 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 이종명 (경북대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실)
  • Received : 2013.09.08
  • Accepted : 2014.02.27
  • Published : 2014.09.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) infections usually result in chronic disease, and making a diagnosis is often difficult. Skin and soft tissue infections due to NTM are not common and are usually diagnosed relatively late. We investigated the clinical characteristics of nine cases of skin and soft tissue infections with NTM. Methods: Nine patients with an NTM infection who were confirmed consecutively by skin and soft tissue and/or adjacent bone cultures at a teaching hospital between August 2006 and July 2013 were enrolled in this study. The demographics, clinical characteristics, underlying diseases, treatment, and prognosis between different NTM species were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The most common NTM species causing a soft tissue infection was Mycobacterium abscessus (five patients, 55.6%). Common sites of infection were the knee and lumbar spine. Five patients (55.6%) had underlying diseases. Six patients (77.8%) were treated with combined surgical treatment (incision and drainage) plus antibiotics. The duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was long ($77.7{\pm}44.6days$) due to inadequate microbiological evaluation and disregard for the clinical significance of the NTM culture. All patients were cured with treatment; however, the treatment duration was long ($181.7{\pm}140.0days$). Procedure and cosmetic surgery were the most important risk factors for infection. Conclusions: The diagnosis of NTM skin and soft tissue infections tends to be delayed in a clinical setting. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for NTM infection in chronic localized soft tissue infections is essential for diagnosis. Mycobacterium abscessus appears to be the most common NTM species causing soft tissue infections.

목적: 비결핵항산균 감염은 주로 만성 감염 소견을 보이고, 진단하는 데 어려움이 따른다. 또한 비결핵항산균에 의한 피부 연부조직 감염은 흔하지 않으며 진단이 느려지는 경향을 보인다. 우리는 9예의 비결핵항산균에 의한 피부 연부조직 감염 예시를 통해 비결핵항산균 감염 진단의 고려사항과 진단 시 의심하는 것의 중요성과 치료의 형태 및 예후를 조사해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 2006년 2월 1일부터 2013년 7월 31일까지 한 3차 병원에서 피부, 연부조직 및 뼈에서 비결핵항산균이 동정된 총 9명의 환자를 조사하였고 환자의 성별과 나이, 증상 발현에서 진단 기간, 감염의 부위, 유발요인, Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB)도말 검사 유무, 조직병리, 증상 발병에서 진단까지 기간, 동정된 비결핵항산균 종류 및 항생제 감수성, 화학요법 종류 및 치료 기간, 수술 동반 유무, 재발 여부 등을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 피부 연부조직 감염에서 가장 흔한 비결핵항산균 균종은 M. abscessus (5명, 55.6%)였으며 이는 균종이 확인된 5명 전원에 해당되었다. 가장 흔히 침범하는 부위는 요추(3명, 33.3%)와 무릎(2명, 22.2%)이었다. 항생제 감수성 검사에 대한 의해 부족으로 4명에서 적절한 감수성 결과가 의뢰되었으나 M. abscessus의 감수성 결과 중 clarithromycin 감수성이 2/3에서 있었다. 7명(77.8%)의 환자에서 수술적 치료와 함께 화학요법 치료를 병용했다. M. marinum은 신뢰할 감수성 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 증상 발생 후 진단되는데 비결핵 항산균에 의한 감염으로 의심하지 못하고 검사가 늦어져 중앙값 69일이나 걸렸다. 화학요법 기간으로 중앙값 163일 치료하였으며 9명 모두에서 완치되었다. 결론: 비결핵항산균의 연부조직 감염은 진단이 지연되는 경향이 있어 수술 및 미용 수술 후 지속되는 만성 감염 소견이 있을 시 의심하고 병변 부위의 조직 검사와 항산균 배양검사를 반드시 시행하여야 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 M. abscessus가 피부 연부조직 비결핵항산균 감염에서 가장 흔한 원인균이었으나 다른 문헌들을 고려한다면 논란을 보일 수 있으며 충분한 수의 증례를 바탕으로 하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 미용을 위하거나 기타 치료를 위한 시술이 가장 중요한 비결핵항산균에 의한 피부 연부조직 감염의 위험인자로 생각된다.

Keywords

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