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외래에서 철 결핍 빈혈로 진단된 남자 환자의 악성 종양 유병률과 연관인자

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Malignancy in Males with Iron-Deficiency Anemia

  • 이병현 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이재중 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 심재겸 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김정선 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김대식 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박세종 (G샘통합암병원 혈액종양내과) ;
  • 이세련 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 박용 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 최철원 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김병수 (고려대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Lee, Byung Hyun (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Lee, Jae Joong (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Sim, Jae Kyeom (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Kim, Jung Sun (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Kim, Dae Sik (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Seh Jong (Department of Hemato-oncology, G SAM Integrative Cancer Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Se Ryeon (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Yong (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Choi, Chul Won (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Kim, Byung Soo (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center)
  • 투고 : 2013.09.09
  • 심사 : 2013.10.31
  • 발행 : 2014.07.01

초록

목적: 빈혈은 전 세계적으로 가장 흔한 질환 중 하나이며 악성 종양의 중요한 표지자이다. 빈혈과 악성 종양에 관한 다양한 연구가 있으나 IDA 진단된 남자 환자를 대상으로 한 자료는 충분하지 않다. 이에 저자들은 남자 IDA 환자의 발생원인과 악성 종양의 유병률, 철분제 치료반응에 대해 조사하였고 악성 종양에 의한 IDA 환자의 특성과 악성 종양에 대한 선별 검사로 대변 잠혈 검사의 유용성에 대해 연구하였다. 방법: 2008년 3월부터 2013년 6월까지 고려대학교 구로 병원, 안암병원 혈액내과 외래에 내원하여 IDA로 진단된 남자 환자 202명을 대상으로 하여 임상적 특성과 빈혈의 원인에 대해 조사하였고, 원인에 따라 악성 종양군(Cancer, n = 24)과 악성 종양 이외의 다른 원인군(Non-cancer, n = 178)으로 분류하여 임상적 특성 및 치료반응을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 또한 대변 잠혈 검사의 악성 종양에 대한 민감도, 특이도, 양성 예측도에 대해 분석하였다. 결과: IDA의 원인 중에서 출혈이 86명(42.6%)으로 가장 많았다. 악성 종양 유병률은 11.9% (24명)였고 악성 종양의 상대 빈도는 대장직장암 14명(58.3%), 위암 7명(29.2%) 순이었다. 연령군별로는 50세 미만 8.3% (2명), 50세 이상 91.7% (22명)였다. 악성 종양과 관련된 요인으로는 다변량 분석에서 고령(OR, 1.05; p = 0.026)과 대변 잠별 검사 양성(OR, 7.48; p = 0.001)이 확인되었다. 치료반응은 경구 철분제 투약 후 Hb 수치가 13이상 상승한 비율은 Cancer군에서 더 낮았지만(OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.146-1.668; p = 0.31) 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고 경구 철분제 투약 후 평균 Hb 수치는 Cancer군에서 $12.6{\pm}2.2g/dL$, Non-cancer군에서 $13.8{\pm}1.6g/dL$로 Cancer 군에서 더 낮았고 통계적으로 유의하였다(p = 0.016). 대변 잠혈 검사의 악성 종양에 대한 민감도는 56.3%, 특이도는 81.2%, 양성 예측도는 32.1%였다. 결론: 외래에서 진단된 남자 IDA 환자에서 악성 종양의 유병률은 11.9%로 적지 않았고 이 중에서 91.7%가 50세 이상에서 진단되었으며, 악성 종양에 의한 IDA 환자들은 다른 원인에 의한 IDA에 의한 환자들에 비해 경구 철분제 치료에 대한 반응이 좋지 못하였다. 고령(50세 이상)에 대변 잠혈 검사 양성인 남자 IDA 환자에서는 악성 종양이 진단될 확률이 높으며 특히 대장암의 가능성이 높으므로 기저 질환에 대한 철저한 검사가 필요하다.

Background/Aims: Despite several reports on clinical aspects of anemia and malignancy, little is known of male patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and malignancy in Korea. We examined the cause of anemia, prevalence of and factors associated with malignancy, and treatment response to iron therapy in male IDA patients. Methods: The results of 202 males with IDA seen from March 2008 to June 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups based on the causes of anemia: the cancer group included patients with anemia caused by malignancy and the non-cancer group included patients with anemia due to other causes. We compared the clinical characteristics and response to iron therapy between the two groups. Results: The most common cause of IDA was bleeding (42.6%). The prevalence of malignancy was 11.9%, with colorectal cancer (58.3%) being the most common. Among the cancer patients (n = 24), 22 patients (91.7%) were age 50 or older. Independent factors associated with malignancy were old age (OR, 1.05; p = 0.026) and a positive stool occult blood test (OR, 7.48; p = 0.001). The treatment response to iron therapy based on a normalized hemoglobin level was lower in the cancer group (OR, 0.49; p = 0.31), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The treatment response based on the mean hemoglobin level was significantly lower in the cancer group ($12.6{\pm}2.2$ vs. $13.8{\pm}1.6g/dL$, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Old age and a positive stool occult blood test were independent risk factors for malignancy in male IDA patients. We recommend screening for malignancy in patients older than 50 years or with a positive stool occult blood test.

키워드

참고문헌

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