Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparative Analysis of Offensive Odorants in Urine Samples in Relation to Sample Treatment Conditions

Urine 시료 중 지정악취성분에 대한 분석연구: 시료의 보관방법과 채취조건의 연계성 연구

  • Lee, Min-Hee (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Hyun (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Jo, Sang-Hee (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Choi, Si-On (Kimberly-Clark Innovation) ;
  • Sa, Inyoung (Kimberly-Clark Innovation) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Hyun (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University)
  • 이민희 (한양대학교 건설환경공학과) ;
  • 김용현 (한양대학교 건설환경공학과) ;
  • 조상희 (한양대학교 건설환경공학과) ;
  • 최시온 (킴벌리클라크 이노베이션) ;
  • 사인영 (킴벌리클라크 이노베이션) ;
  • 김기현 (한양대학교 건설환경공학과)
  • Received : 2014.07.01
  • Accepted : 2014.09.18
  • Published : 2014.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, emission characteristics of volatile odorant species released from urine samples were investigated in relation to two key variables: [1] storage conditions before sampling and [2] incubation conditions during sampling. To this end, 20 offensive odorants were quantified by four different analytical systems and then sorted according to seven functional groups. It is indicated that benzene (B), styrene (S), isobutyl alcohol (i-BuAl), butyl acetate (BuAc), butyraldehyde (BA), isovaleraldehyde (IA), and valeraldehyde (VA) did not contribute to urine odor because their concentration levels were measured below detection limits in all samples. On the other hand, emission concentrations of toluene (T), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl mercaptan ($CH_3SH$), carbon disulfide ($CS_2$), and ammonia ($NH_3$) were generally higher than other compounds. In terms of odor intensity (OI), $CH_3SH$ and $NH_3$ showed the largest OI values in the range of 2~4. According to t-test (storage approach and urine temperature), the results of T, $CS_2$, and $NH_3$ were statistically distinguished from each other in terms of differences in sampling temperature. Likewise, the emissions of certain odorants from urine samples were affected by changes in sample treatment conditions to a degree.

Keywords

References

  1. Fujii, T., S. Kawabe, T. Horike, T. Taguchi, and M. Ogata (1999) Simultaneous determination of the urinary metabolites of toluene, xylene and styrene using high-performance capillary electrophoresis Comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. B, 730, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00175-9
  2. Han, S.-B., S.-J. Lee, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yoon, S.-K. Joung, and J.-R. Youm (2006) Rapid and simultaneous determination of metabolites of organic solvents in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using a monolithic column, Anal. Sci. Technol., 19(5), 433-440. (in Korean with English abstract)
  3. Heo, S.-C., J.-S. Min, J.-S. Park, M.-A. Lim, and S.-W. Park (2004) Method Validation and Uncertainty Estimation for Toluene Measurement in Biological Fluids by HS-GC, Anal. Sci. Technol., 17(6), 443-453. (in Korean with English abstract)
  4. Jo, S.-H., K.-H. Kim, Y.-H. Kim, M.-H. Lee, J.-H. Ahn, J.E. Szulejko, J.-R. Shon, C.E.-Y. Ryu, and A.Y.-H. Kim (2013) Study of odor from boiled eggs over time using gas chromatography. Microchem. J., 110, 517-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2013.05.011
  5. Korea Ministry of Environment (KMOE) (2008) Malodor Prevention law of Korea Ministry of Environment.
  6. Murer, J.L., J.M. Christensen, and T. Midtgaard (1994) Determination of the urinary metabolites of styrene: estimation of the method evaluation function and evaluation of reference values in Danish subjects, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health., 65, 313-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00405695
  7. Nagata, Y. (2003) Measurement of odor threshold by triangle odor method, odor Measurement Review, Ministry of Environment (MOE), Japan, pp. 118-127.
  8. National Police Agency (NPA) (2001) Korean National Police Agency White Paper.
  9. Pandey, S. and K.-H. Kim (2011) Human body-odor components and their determination, Trends Anal. Chem., 30, 784-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2010.12.005
  10. Park, H.-W., D.-A. Ko, D.-S. Lee, S.-H. Hwang, and Y.-M. Jo (2012) Decomposition of Odorous Toluene Vapor by Peroxide Ions, KOSORE, 11(4), 159-166. (in Korean with English abstract)
  11. Tomokuni, K. and M. Ogata (1972) Simple method for determination of urinary $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid as an index of lead exposure, Clin Chem, 18(12), 1534-1538.
  12. Yun, S.-H., S.-Y. Kim, T.-Y. Hwang, K.-C. Won, J.-Y. Do, S.-J. Lee, Y.-M. Park, K.-S. Jun, G.-H. Lee, D.-Y. Lee, K.-S. Park, and J. Sakong (2010) The Concentration of Cadmium in Urine, and Its Role in Healthrisk Assessment of Residents in the Vicinity of Abandoned Mines in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, Korean J Occup Environ Med, 22(3), 251-261. (in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Zlatkis, A., W. Bertsch, H.A. Lichtenstein, A. Tishbee, F. Shunbo, H.M. Liebich, A.M. Coscia, and N. Fleischer (1973) Profile of volatile metabolites in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 45, 763-767. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60326a036