Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Formation and Treatment Methods of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Water and Wastewater

상하수에서 N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) 발생 및 처리법 비교 분석

  • Kim, Jongo (Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University) ;
  • Lee, Woo-Bum (Department of Environmental System Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Soo-Ho (Department of Environmental System Engineering, Chonnam National University)
  • 김종오 (목포대학교 환경교육과) ;
  • 이우범 (전남대학교 환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 박수호 (전남대학교 환경시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2013.10.04
  • Accepted : 2013.12.26
  • Published : 2014.01.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Overall studies for the N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and treatment methods were conducted. In this study, occurrence in several countries and emerging treatment technologies of NDMA were generally reviewed. The NDMA formation was dependent on pH, contact time, and molar ratio (monochloramine/dimethylamine). The formation was rapidly increased when the molar ratio was greater than 1. It was likely that monochloramine could be related to stimulate NDMA formation. NDMA concentrations in water supply and wastewater plants after disinfection were approximately 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L, respectively. UV oxidation and adsorption processes are regarded as effective technologies for the NDMA removal. It is suggested that the UV oxidation with proper lamps is applied in water supply system.

Keywords

References

  1. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation (APHA, WWA, and WEF). (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed.; American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, Washington, D.C., USA.
  2. Asami, M., Oya, M., and Kosaka, K. (2009). A Nationwide Survey of NDMA in Raw and Drinking Water in Japan, Science of the Total Environment, 407(11), pp. 3540-3545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.014
  3. Barrett, S., Hwang, C., Guo, Y., Andrews, S. A., and Valentine, R. L. (2003). Occurrence of NDMA in Drinking Water: A North American Survey, 2001-2002, Proceedings of the American Water Works Association's Annual Conference, Anaheim, CA, USA, Jun. pp. 15-19.
  4. Chen, Z. and Valentine, R. L. (2007). Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from Humic Substances in Natural Water, Environmental Science and Technology, 41(17), pp. 6059-6065. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0705386
  5. Chen, Z. and Valentine, R. L. (2008). The Influence of the Pre-oxidation of Natural Organic Matter on the Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), Environmental Science and Technology, 42(14), pp. 5062-5067. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8006673
  6. Choi, J. (2002). Mechanistic Studies of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Model Drinking Waters, Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Iowa, USA.
  7. Choi, J. and Valentine, R. L. (2002a). Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from Reaction of Monochloramine: A New Disinfection By-product, Water Research, 36(4), pp. 817-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00303-7
  8. Choi, J. and Valentine, R. L. (2002b). A Kinetic Model of N-nitrosodimethylamine Formation during Water Chlorination/ chloramination, Water Science and Technology, 46(3), pp. 65-71.
  9. Dai, N. and Mitch, W. A. (2013). Relative Importance of N-Nitrosodimethylamine Compared to Total N-Nitrosamines in Drinking Waters, Environmental Science and Technology, 47(8), pp 3648-3656. https://doi.org/10.1021/es305225b
  10. Farre, M. J., Doderer, K., Hearn, L., Poussade, Y., Keller, J., and Gernjak, W. (2011). Understanding the Operational Parameters Affecting NDMA Formation at Advanced Water Treatment Plants, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185(2-3), pp. 1575-1581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.090
  11. Gerecke, A. C. and Sedlak, D. L. (2003). Precursors of N-nitrosodimethylamine in Natural Waters, Environmental Science and Technology, 37(7), pp. 1331-1336. https://doi.org/10.1021/es026070i
  12. Hatt, J. W., Lamy, C., Germain, E., Tupper, M., and Judd, S. J. (2013). NDMA Formation in Secondary Wastewater Effluent, Chemosphere, 91(1), pp. 83-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.003
  13. Hatzinger, P. B., Condee, C., McClay, K. R., and Togna, A. P. (2011). Aerobic Treatment of N-nitrosodimethylamine in a Propane-fed Membrane Bioreactor, Water Research, 45(1), pp. 254-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.056
  14. Huy, N. V., Murakami, M., Sakai, H., Oguma, K., Kosaka, K., Asami, M., and Takizawa, S. (2011). Occurrence and Formation Potential of N-nitrosodimethylamine in Ground Water and River Water in Tokyo, Water Research, 45(11), pp. 3369-3377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.053
  15. Kim, J. and Clevenger, T. (2007). Prediction of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Formation as a Disinfection By-product, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 145(1-2), pp.270-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.11.022
  16. Kim, J. (2008). Effect of Monochloramine and Dimethylamine Concentrations on the NDMA Formation, Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 30(8), pp. 755-759. [Korean Literature]
  17. Kommineni, S., Ela, W. P., Arnold, R. G., Huling, S. G., Hester, B. J., and Betterton, E. A. (2003). NDMA Treatment by Sequential GAC Adsorption and Fenton-driven Destruction, Environmental Engineering Science, 20(4), pp. 361-372. https://doi.org/10.1089/109287503322148636
  18. Krauss, M., Longree, P., Dorusch, F., Ort, C., and Hollender, J. (2009). Occurrence and Removal of N-nitrosamines in Wastewater Treatment Plants, Water Research, 43(17), pp. 4381-4391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.048
  19. Lee, C. and Yoon, J. (2007). UV-A Induced Photochemical Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the Presence of Nitrite and Dimethylamine, Journal Photochemistry and Photobiology: A Chemistry, 189(1), pp. 128-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.01.022
  20. Lee, C., Yoon, J., and Von Gunten, U. (2007). Oxidative Degradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine by Conventional Ozonation and the Advanced Oxidation Process Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide, Water Research, 41(3), pp. 581-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.10.033
  21. Mitch, W. A. and Sedlak, D. L. (2002). Factors Controlling Nitrosamine Formation during Wastewater Chlorination, Water Science and Technology Water Supply, 2(3), pp. 191-198.
  22. Mitch, W. A. and Sedlak, D. L. (2004). Characterization and Fate of N-nitrosodimethylamine Precursors in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, Environmental Science and Technology, 38(5), pp. 1445-1454. https://doi.org/10.1021/es035025n
  23. Mitch, W. A., Sharp, J. O., Trussell, R. R, Valentine, R. L., Alvarez-Cohen, L., and Sedlak, D. L. (2003). N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a Drinking Water Contaminant: A Review, Environmental Engineering Science, 20(4), pp. 389-404. https://doi.org/10.1089/109287503768335896
  24. Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Canada (Ontario MOE). (2000). Regulation made under the Ontario Water Resources Act: Drinking Water Protection-Larger Water Works.
  25. Mumma, R. O., Raupach, D. C., Waldman, J. P., Tong, S. S. C., Jacobs, M. L., Babish. J. G., Hotchkiss, J. H., Wszolek, P. C., Gutenman, W. H., Bache, C. A., and Lisk, D. J. (1984). National Survey of Elements and Other Constituents in Municipal Sewage Sludges, Archive Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 13, pp. 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055648
  26. Najm, I. and Trussell, R. R. (2001). NDMA Formation in Water and Wastewater, American Water Works Association, 93(2), pp. 92-99.
  27. Patterson, B. M., Pitoi, M. M., Furness, A. J., Bastow, T. P., and McKinley, A. J. (2012). Fate of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Recycled Water after Recharge into Anaerobic Aquifer, Water Research, 46(4), pp. 1260-1272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.032
  28. Pisarenko, A. N., Stanford, B. D., Yan, D., Gerrity, D., and Snyder, S. A. (2012). Effects of Ozone and Ozone/peroxide on Trace Organic Contaminants and NDMA in Drinking Water and Water Reuse Applications, Water Research, 46(2), pp. 316-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.021
  29. Sakai, H., Takamatsu, T., Kosaka, K., Kamiko, N., and Takizawa, S. (2012). Effects of Wavelength and Water Quality on Photodegradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), Chemosphere, 89(6), pp. 702-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.025
  30. Shen, R. and Andrews, S. A. (2013). Formation of NDMA from Ranitidine and Sumatriptan: The role of pH, Water Research, 47(2), pp. 802-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.004
  31. United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) (2004). Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Office of Research and Development (ORD), http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0045.htm.
  32. US Orange County Sanitation District. (2002). "Industrial Sampling and IRWD Sampling," Presentation at the NDMA Workshop: Removal and/or Destruction of NDMA and NDMA Precusors in Wastewater Treatment Processes, West Basin Municipal Water District, Carson, CA, USA.
  33. Webster, T. S., Condee, C., and Hatzinger, P. B. (2013). Ex situ Treatment of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Groundwater using a Fluidized Bed Reactor, Water Research, 47(2), pp. 811-820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.011
  34. Yoon, S., Nakada, N., and Tanaka, H. (2011). Occurrence and Removal of NDMA and NDMA Formation Potential in Wastewater Treatment Plants, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 190(1-3), pp. 897-902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.010