References
- Al-Hazzaa H (2007). Health enhancing physical activity among Saudi adults using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Public Health Nutr, 10, 59-64.
- Al-Kaabba AF, Al-Hamdan NA, El Tahir A, et al. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of dyslipidemia among adults in Saudi Arabia: results from a national survey. Endo Metabo Dis, 2, 89-97.
- Al-Nozha M, Al-Hazzaa M, Arafah M, et al (2007). Prevalence of physical activity and inactivity among Saudis aged 30-70 years. Saudi Med J, 28, 559-74.
- Al-Nozha MM, Abdullah M, Arafah MR, et al (2007a). Hypertension in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J, 28, 77-86.
- Alegre MM, Knowles MH, Robison RA, O'Neill KL (2013). Mechanics behind breast cancer prevention-focus on obesity, exercise and dietary fat. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 2207-12. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.4.2207
- Amin TT, Al Khoudair AS, Al Harbi MA, Al Ali AR (2012). Leisure time physical activity in Saudi Arabia: prevalence, pattern and determining factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 351-60. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.1.351
- Amin TT, Al-Hammam AM, Almulhim NA, et al (2014). Physical activity and cancer prevention: awareness and meeting the recommendations among adult Saudis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 2597-606. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.6.2597
- Amin TT, Suleman W, Ali A, Gamal A, Al Wehedy A (2011). Pattern, prevalence, and perceived personal barriers toward physical activity among adult Saudis in Al-Hassa, KSA. Phys Act Health, 8, 775-66.
- Bonett DG, Price RM (2002). Statistical inference for a linear function of medians: confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and sample size requirements. Psychol Methods, 7, 370-383. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.3.370
- Burton WN, Chen C-Y, Conti DJ, Schultz AB, Edington DW (2003). Measuring the relationship between employees' health risk factors and corporate pharmaceutical expenditures. J Occup Environ Med, 45, 793-805. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000079090.95532.db
- Cogliano VJ, Baan R, Straif K, et al (2011). Preventable exposures associated with human cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst, 103, 1827-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr483
- Cust AE (2011). Physical activity and gynecologic cancer prevention. Recent Results Cancer Res, 186, 159-85.
- da Costa FF, Benedet J, Leal DJ, de Assis MAA (2013). Clustering of risk factors for non- communicable diseases in adults from Florianopolis, SC. Rev. Bras. Epidemiol, 16, 2.
- Ekblom-Bak E, Hellenius M-L, Ekblom O, et al (2010). Independent associations of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness with cardiovascular risk in adults. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 17, 175-82. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e32833254f2
- FAO/WHO (2006). Technical consultation on national foodbased dietary guidelines. WHO. regional office. Cairo, Egypt. http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai216e/ai216e00.HTM accessed May 2014.
- Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al (2010). GLOBOCAN 2008, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. lyon, France: international agency for research on cancer; 2010. IARC cancer base no. 10. http://globocan.iarc.fr. Accessed October 20, 2013.
- Jafri H, Karas RH (2010). Baseline and on-treatment highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of cancer in randomized controlled trials of lipidaltering therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 55, 2846-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.069
- Katano S, Nakamura Y, Nakamura A, et al (2010). Relationship among physical activity, smoking, drinking and clustering of the metabolic syndrome diagnostic components. J Atheroscler Thromb, 17, 644-61. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.3699
- Kearney PM, Whelton M, Whelton PK, He J (2004). Worldwide prevalence of hypertension: a systematic review. Hypertension, 22, 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200401000-00003
- Kolbe-Alexander TL, Conradie J, Lambert EV (2013). Clustering of risk factors for non-communicable disease and healthcare expenditure in employees with private health insurance presenting for health risk appraisal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 13, 1213. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1213
- Kruk J, Marchlewicz M (2013). Dietary fat and physical activity in relation to breast cancer among Polish women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 2495-502. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.4.2495
- Leitzmann MF (2011). Physical activity and genitourinary cancer prevention. Recent Results Cancer Res, 186, 43-71.
- Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al (2012). A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet, 380, 2224-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8
- McGuire KA, Janssen I, Ross R (2009): Ability of physical activity to predict cardiovascular disease beyond commonly evaluated cardiometabolic risk factors. Am J Cardiol, 104, 1522-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.07.023
- Morrison DS, Parr CL, Lam TH, et al (2013). Behavioral and metabolic risk factors for mortality from colon and rectum cancer: analysis of data from the asia-pacific cohort studies collaboration. Asian Pac J Can Prev, 14, 1083-92. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.2.1083
- Moura EC, Malta DC, Morais Neto OL, Monteiro CA (2009). Prevalence and social distribution of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica, 26, 17-33.
- Muniz LC, Schneider BC, Silva IC, Matijasevich A, Santos IS (2012). Accumulated behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Southern Brazil. Rev Saude Publica, 46, 534-571. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102012005000021
- Murray CJL, Lopez AD (1996) (eds). The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from disease, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Boston, mass: harvard school of public health.
- Musaiger A, Al-Hazzaa H (2012). Prevalence and risk factors associated with nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Int J Gen Med, 199, 217-29.
- Musaiger AO, Al Hazzaa MH, Al-Qahtani A, et al (2011). Strategy to combat obesity and to promote physical activity in Arab countries. Diab Metabol Syndr Obes, 4, 89-101.
- Musaiger AO, Takruri HR, Hassan AS, Abu-Tarboush H (2012). Food-based dietary guidelines for the Arab Gulf countries. J Nutri Metabol, 2012, 905303.
- Ng SW, Zaghloul S, Ali HI, Harrison G, Popkin BM (2011). The prevalence and trends of overweight, obesity and nutritionrelated non-communicable diseases in the Arabian Gulf States. Obesity Reviews, 12, 1-14.
- Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel L, et al (2005). AHA scientific statement: recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the subcommittee of professional and public education of the American heart association council on high blood pressure research. Hypertension, 45, 142-59 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000150859.47929.8e
- Plotnikoff RC, McCargar LJ, Wilson PM, Loucaides CA (2005). Efficacy of an E-mail intervention for the promotion of physical activity and nutrition behavior in the workplace context. Am J Health Promot, 19, 422-9. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-19.6.422
- Poortinga W (2007). The prevalence and clustering of four major lifestyle risk factors in an English adult population. Prev Med, 44, 124-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.10.006
- Ramadan EN, Zakaria AM, Elbosaty LM (2013). Prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among university employees of King Khalid in Bisha. J Am Science, 9, 394-404.
- Schuit AJ, van Loon AJ, Tijhuis M, Ocke M (2002). Clustering of lifestyle risk factors in a general adult population. Prev Med, 35, 219-24. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2002.1064
- Serxner SA, Gold DB, Grossmeier JJ, Anderson DR (2003). The relationship between health promotion program participation and medical costs: a dose response. J Occup Environ Med, 45, 1196-201. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000095002.12772.6a
- Thayyil J, Jayakrishnan TT, Raja M, Cherumanalil JM (2012). Metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors among police officers. North Am J Med Sciences, 4, 630-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.104313
- WHO (2002). The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Switzerland, Geneva, 162, 57-61.
- WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD surveillance, countryspecific STANDARD REPORT, Saudi Arabia report (2005). http://www.who.int/chp/steps/2005_SaudiArabia_STEPS_Report_EN.pdf.
- Wild CP (2012). The role of cancer research in non-communicable disease control. J Natl Cancer Inst jnci.oxfordjournals.org JNCI, Commentary, 1-8.
- Wiseman M (2008). The second world cancer research fund/American Institute for cancer research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Proc Nutr Soc, 67, 253-8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966510800712X
- World cancer research fund/american institute for cancer research (AICR) (2007). food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC. AICR; 2007.
- World Health Organization (2011). Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010-description of the global burden of NCDs, their risk factors and determinants. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789240686458_eng.pdf.
- World Health Organization, WHO STEPS instruments and support materials. http://www.who.int/chp/steps/instrument/en/ accessed February 2012.
- World Health Organization. Sedentary lifestyle (2001): a global public health problem, Geneva, Switzerland: WHO 2001. available from: http://www.who.int/hpr/physactiv/sedentary.lifestyle.shtml.
Cited by
- Hazardous Health Behaviour among Medical Students: a Study from Turkey vol.16, pp.17, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.17.7675
- Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors among Employees and Their Families of a Saudi University: An Epidemiological Study vol.11, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165036
- Women in Saudi Arabia and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review vol.2016, pp.1687-9813, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7479357