Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology (한국해양공학회지)

Korean Society of Ocean Engineers (한국해양공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigation of Target Echoes in Multi-static SONAR system - Part II : Numerical Modeling with Experimental Verification

다중상태 소나시스템을 적용한 표적반향음 연구 - Part II : 수치모델링과 실험적 검증

  • Received : 2014.08.14
  • Accepted : 2014.10.24
  • Published : 2014.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A multi-static SONAR system consists of the transmitters and receivers separately in space. The active target echoes are received along the transmitter-target-receiver path and depend on the shape and aspect angle of the submerged objects at each receiver. Thus, the target echo algorithm used with a mono-static system, in which the transmitter and receiver are located at the same position, has limits in simulating the target echoes for a multi-static SONAR system. In this paper, a target echo modeling procedure for a 3D submerged object in space is described based on the Kirchhoff approximation, and the SONAR system is extended to a multi-static SONAR system. The scattered field from external structures is calculated on the visible surfaces, which is determined based on the locations of the transmitter and receiver. A series of experiments in an acoustic water tank was conducted to measure the target echoes from scaled targets with a single transmitter and 16 receivers. Finally, the numerical results were compared with experimental results and shown to be useful for simulating the target echoes/target strength in a multi-static SONAR system.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, H.S., Ji, Y.H., Kim, W.J., Kim, W.S., Kim, J.S., Yun, S.U., 2014. Inverstigation of Target Echoes in Multi-static SONAR System - Part I : Design for Acoustic Measuring System. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, 28(5), 429-439. https://doi.org/10.5574/KSOE.2014.28.5.429
  2. Bae, H.S., Kim, W.J., Kim, W.S., Choi, S.M., 2013. Energy Distribution Characteristics of the Target Signals using the Underwater Distributed Sensor Networks. Proceedings of The Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology, 779-780.
  3. Choi, Y.H., Shin. K.C., You, J.S., Kim, J.S., Joo, W.H., Kim. Y.H., Park, J.H., Choi, S.M., Kim, W.S., 2005. Numerical Modeling and Experimental Verification for Ttarget Strength of Submerged Objects. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, 19(1), 64-70.
  4. Clay, C.S., and Medwin, H., 1977. Acoustical Oceanography: Principles and applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  5. Cook, J.C., 1985. Target Strength and Echo Structure. Adaptive Methods in Underwater Acoustics. NATO ASI Series, 151, 155-172.
  6. Hazen, M.G., Drumheller, D.M., Gilroy, L.E., 2002. Modeling Second order Target Strength Effects at Physical Optics Integral Frequencies. Proceedings of Undersea Defence Technology Conference Europe, PIII-25.
  7. Jang, J.H., Ku, B.H., Hong, W.Y., Kim, I.I., Ko, H.S., 2006. The Effectiveness Analysis of Multistatic Sonar Network Via Detection Performance. Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology, 9(1), 24-32.
  8. Ji, Y.H., Byun, G.H., Kim, J.S., Bae, H.S., Kim, W.S., 2013. Multi-static Scattering Characteristics of Submerged Objects with Experimental Investigation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134, 4113.
  9. Kim, B.I., Park, M.H., Kwon, W.H., 2001. Echo Signal synthesis of Underwater Target by Distributed Highlight Model. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 19(7), 15-22.
  10. Kim, H.S., Shin, K.C., Kim, W.S., Han, D.H., Choi, S.M., Kim, J.S., 1997. Realtime Active Target Signal Simulation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 11(3), 163-169.
  11. Kim, K.H., Cho, D.S., Seong, W.J., 2008. Simulation of Time-Domain Acoustic Wave Signals Backscattered from Underwater Targets. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 27(3), 140-148.
  12. Kim, K.J., Hong, S.Y., Kwon, H.W., 2007. Derivation of Acoustic Target Strength Equation Considering Pulse Type of Acoustic signal. Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering, KSNVE07A-29-03.
  13. Kim, S.H., You, S.K., Choi, J.W., Kang, D.H., Park, J.S., Lee, D.J., Park, K.J., 2013. Target Signal Simulation in Synthetic Underwater Environment for Performance Analysis of Monostatic Active Sonar. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 32(6), 455-471. https://doi.org/10.7776/ASK.2013.32.6.455
  14. Kwon, H.W., Hong, S.Y., Kim. H.M., Jeon, J.J., Kim. J.H., 2011. Developement of Acoustic Target Strength Analysis Software Considering Anechoic Coating Effect. Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 30(1), 770-775.
  15. Lee, T.K., 2005. Acoustic Target Strength Predictions for the Submerged Structures with Stiffener Effects and Multiple-Bounce Contributions. M.S. thesis, Seoul National Univ.
  16. Lew, H., 2004. Broadband Echoes from Underwater Targets. International Journal of Computational Engineering Science(IJCES), 5(2), 281-290. https://doi.org/10.1142/S146587630400237X
  17. Maxit, L., Oudot, J., Audoly, C., 2004. Target Strength Modeling of Submarines. Proceedings of Undersea Defence Technology Conference Europe, 7B-3.
  18. Nguyen, B., Lew, H., 2002. Broadband BISTATIC Acoustic Scattering of Submerged Objects. Proceedings of Undersea Defence Technology Conference Asia, PI-6.
  19. Nolte, B., Schafer, I. Ehrlich, J., Ochman, M., Burgschweiger, R., Marburg, S., 2007. Numerical Methods for Wave Scattering Phenomena by Means of Different Boundary Integral Formulations, Journal of Computational Acoustics, 15(4), 495-529. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218396X07003536
  20. Schneider, H.G., Friedler, C., 2003. Benchmark Target Strength Simulation Workshop. Proceedings of Undersea Defence Technology Conference Europe, 9B-1.
  21. Seong, N.J., Kim, J.S., Lee, S.Y., Kim, K., 1994. MOving Spread Target Signal Simulation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 13(2), 30-37.
  22. Shin, K.C., Park, J.E., Kim, J.S., Choi, S.M., Kim, W.S., 2001. Target Scattering Echo Simulation for Active Sonar System in the Geometric Optics Region. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 20(3), 95-101.
  23. Urick, R.J., 1983. Principles of Underwater Sound. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  24. You, S.K., Kim, S.H., Choi, J.W., Kang, D.H., Jeong, D.M., 2014. Modeling and Experimental Verification of Echo Characteristics of 3 Dimensional Underwater Target. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 33(3), 174-183. https://doi.org/10.7776/ASK.2014.33.3.174