Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Variation of γ-Oryzanol by Incorporation of Green Manure Crops in Korean Rice Cultivars

  • Kim, Heon-Woong (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sung-Hyeon (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Young-Min (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jang, Hwan-Hee (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hwang, Kyung-A (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cho, Hyun-Suk (National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Tae (National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeon, Weon-Tai (National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Bong (National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2014.07.21
  • Accepted : 2014.08.24
  • Published : 2014.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, ferulic acid esters, which are well-known for their function on cholesterol lowering and prevention of inflammation, diabetes and cancer, are found in the seeds of cereal crops such as rice, corn, wheat and rye. Among them, rice has been reported to contain the highest ferulic acid esters. Since rice cultivation with green manure as a N source is an environmental friendly agricultural practice, it is necessary to identify and quantify as well as evaluate the variations in these compounds in rice samples as affected by different green manure conditions. A total of ten components of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were isolated and cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate and sitosteryl ferulate were identified as the major components in Korean rice cultivars, 'Unkwang' and 'Hopum'. Comparing the ${\gamma}$-oryzanol contents of these varieties, 'Unkwang' showed clearly similar pattern with conventional type. With the PLS-DA (partial least squares of discriminant analysis) using SIMCA 11.0 ver., the specific pattern and cluster of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol scores with green manure conditions were confirmed, and thus distinguishing green manure effects were possible.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdel-Aal, E.S.M. and Hucl, P. 1999. A rapid method for quantifying total anthocyanins in blue aleurone and purple pericarp wheats. Cereal Chemistry 76, 350-354. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.1999.76.3.350
  2. Bergman, C.J. and Xu, Z. 2003. Genotype and environment effects on tocopherols, tocotrienols and gamma-oryzanol contents of Southern US rice. Cereal Chemistry 80(4): 446-449. https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.4.446
  3. Choi, B.S., Jung, J.A., Oh, M.K., Jeon, S.H., Goh, H.G., Ok, Y.S. and Sung, J.K. 2010. Effects of green manure crops on improvement of chemical and biological properties in soil. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(5):528-536.
  4. Evershed, R.P., Spooner, N., Prescott, M. and Goad, L.J. 1988. Isolation and characterisation of intact steryl ferulates from seeds. Journal of Chromatography A 440, 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94507-2
  5. Fang, N., Yu, S. and Badger, T.M. 2003. Characterization of triterpene alcohol and sterol ferulates in rice bran using LC-MS/MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, 3260-3267. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021162c
  6. Hakala, P., Lampi, A.M., Ollilainen, V., Werner, U., Murkovic, M., Wahala, K., Karkola, S. and Piironen, V. 2002. Steryl phenolic acid esters in cereals and their milling fractions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 5300-5307. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025637b
  7. Han, S.I., Nam, M.H., Kim, S.Y., Jang, K.C., Oh, S.H., Seo, W.D. and Ra, J.E. 2012. Transformation of rice by-products. RDA Interrobang 65, 1-3.
  8. Jeon, W.T., Hur, S.O., Seong, K.Y., Oh, I.S., Kim, M.T. and Kang U.G. 2011. Effect of green manure hairy vetch on rice growth and saving of irrigation water. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(2):181-186. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.2.181
  9. Jeon, W.T., Seong, K.Y., Kim, M.T., Oh, G.J., Oh, I.S. and Kang, U.G. 2010. Changes of soil physical properties by glomalin concentration and rice yield using different green manure crops in paddy. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 43(2):119-123.
  10. Jeon, W.T., Seong, K.Y., Oh, G.J., Kim, M.T., Lee, Y.H., Kang U.G., Lee, H.B. and Kang H.W. 2012. Changes of biomass of green manure and rice growth and yield using leguminous crops and barley mixtures by cutting heights at paddy. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 45(2):192-197. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.2.192
  11. Kim, E.S. and Lee, Y.H. 2011. Response of soil microbial communities to applications of green manures in paddy at an early rice-growing stage. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44(2): 221-227. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.2.221
  12. Kim, H.W., Kim, J.B., Shanmugavelan, P., Kim, S.N., Cho, Y.S., Kim, H.R., Lee, J.T., Jeon, W.T. and Lee D.J. 2013. Evaluation of $\gamma$-oryzanol content and composition from the grains of pigmented rice-germplasms by LC-DAD-ESI/MS. BMC Resarch Notes 6:2-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-2
  13. Miller, A. and Engel, K.H. 2006. Content of $\gamma$-oryzanol and composition of steryl ferulates in brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) of European origin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, 8127-8133. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061688n
  14. Moreau, R.A., Powell, M.J. and Singh, V. 2003. Pressurized liquid extraction of polar and nonpolar lipids in corn and oats with hexane, methylene chloride, isopropanol, and ethanol. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 80, 1063-1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-003-0821-y
  15. Norton, R.A. 1995. Quantitation of steryl ferulate and p-coumarate esters from corn and rice. Lipids 30, 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537832
  16. Park, S.T., Jeon, W.T., Kim, M.T., Sung, K.Y., Ku, J.H., Oh, I.S., Lee, B.K., Yoon, Y.H., Lee, J.K., Lee, K.H. and Yu, J.H. 2008. Understanding of environmental friendly agriculture and rice production using green manure crops. RDA, NICS. Sammi. Suwon. 20-21.
  17. Phuong MN, Emily DN. 2008. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). J Agric Food Chem 56: 8685-8691. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801485u
  18. Rogers, E.J., Rice, S.M., Nicolosi, R.J., Carpenter, D.R., McClelland, C.A. and Romanczyk, L.J.Jr. 1993. Identification and quantification of $\gamma$-oryzanol components and simultaneous assessment of tocols in rice bran oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 70, 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02545312
  19. Seitz, L.M. 1989. Stanol and sterol esters of ferulic and pcoumaric acids in wheat, corn, rye and triticale. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 37, 662-667. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a019
  20. Sylwester S, Wlodzimierz S. 2009. The effect of various nitrogen fertilization and foliar nutrition regimes on the concentrations of sugars, carotenoids and phenolic compounds in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Sci Hort 120:315-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.11.029
  21. Wilhelmina K. 2005. Effects of production and processing factors on major fruit and vegetable antioxidants. J Food Sci 70:R11-R19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09053.x
  22. Xu, Z. and Godber, J.S. 1999. Purification and identification of components of $\gamma$-oryzanol in rice bran oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 2724-2728. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981175j
  23. Yang, C.H., Ryu, J.H., Kim, T.K., Lee, S.B., Kim J.D., Baek, N.H., Kim, S., Choi, W.Y. and Kim, S.J. 2009. Effect of green manure crops incorporation with rice cultivation on soil fertility improvement in paddy field. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 42(5):371-378.

Cited by

  1. Treatment Effect of Green Manure Crops on Content of γ-Oryzanols from Korean Rice Variety, Unkwangbyeo vol.34, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2015.34.2.20