Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Spatial Distribution and Geomorphological Characteristics of Headwater Stream (Dorang) Catchments in Geum River Basin

금강유역 내 도랑유역 분포 및 지형적 특성 분석

  • 김해정 ((주)하이드로코어 유역환경연구소) ;
  • 조홍래 ((주)하이드로코어 유역환경연구소) ;
  • 구본경 ((주)하이드로코어 유역환경연구소)
  • Received : 2014.03.31
  • Accepted : 2014.05.12
  • Published : 2014.05.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Dorang - the Korean term for headwater streams - occupy a large portion of the total stream length in a basin, and contribute significantly towards the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, and the ecosystem, of the main river. The Ministry of Environment of South Korea has supported the investigation of the status of Dorang in the nation's four major basins, since 2007. Without a widely accepted academic or legal definition of Dorang, however, there are limits to understand the distribution of Dorang at the national scale and to systematically compile a Dorang database. This paper, through a review of the stream classification system and Korean legal system delineating streams, defines Dorang as 1st and 2nd order streams according to the Strahler ordering method, in a 1:25,000 geographical scale. Analysis of the Geum River basin, with this definition, reveals that the total length of Dorang is 20,622.4 km (73.6% of total stream length), and the number of Dorang catchments is 23,639 (71.3% of the basin area). Further analysis of the geomorphological characteristics of Dorang catchments shows that the average total stream length is 1.1 km, average catchment length is 1.2 km, average drainage area is $0.4km^2$, and average drainage density is 3.08/km.

Keywords

References

  1. Alexander, R. B., Boyer, E. W., Smith, R. A., Schwarz, G. E., and Moore, R. B. (2007). The Role of Headwater Streams in Downstream Water Quality, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 43(1), pp. 41-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00005.x
  2. American Heritage Dictionary (AHD). (2014). http://ahdictionary.com/.
  3. Davies, B., Biggs, J., Williams, P., Lee, J., and Thompson, S. (2008). A Comparison of the Catchment Sizes of Rivers, Streams, Ponds, Ditches and Lakes: Implications for Protecting Aquatic Biodiversity in an Agricultural Landscape, Hydrobiologia, 597, pp. 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9227-6
  4. Davis, W. M. (1899). The Geographical Cycle, The Geographical Journal, 14(5), pp. 481-504. https://doi.org/10.2307/1774538
  5. Geum River Environmental Management Office (GREMO). (2010). Geumgang-yuyeonk dorang siltae-josa mit bokwon sarye model jesi yeongu [Research on the Status of Dorang, and Proposal for Dorang Restoration in Geum River Basin], Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  6. Geum River Environment Research Center (GRERC). (2011). Development of Standard Model on Small Stream Restoration and Management in Geum River Watershed, National Institute of Environmental Research. [Korean Literature]
  7. Gyeongnam Development Institute (GNDI). (2011). Gyeongsangnamdo dorang-salligi hyeonhwanggwa gwaje [Status of and Issues in Reviving Dorang in Gyeongsangnam-do], Gyeongnam Development Institute, Policy Focus 2011-33, pp. 1-44. [Korean Literature]
  8. Han, J. H. and An, G. K. (2012). Preliminary Ecological Environmental Assessments of a Brooklet in Jeungchon, Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, 21(6), pp. 841-857. [Korean Literature]
  9. Han River Environmental Management Office (HREMO). (2012). Notice Board: 2012nyeon mingandanche sujil-bojeon-hwaldong-jiwon-saeop sihaeng-gonggo [Project for Implementation of Water Quality Conservation Practices by Private Organizations in 2012], http://www.me.go.kr/hg/web/board/list.do.
  10. Hansen, W. F. (2001). Identifying stream types and management implications, Forest Ecology and Management, 143(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00503-X
  11. Kim, I. J. and Han, D. H. (2008). A Small Stream Management Plan to Protect the Aquatic Ecosystem, RE-09, Korea Environment Institute(KEI), pp. 1-49. [Korean Literature]
  12. Kondolf, G. M. (1995). Geomorphological Stream Channel Classification in Aquatic Habitat Restoration: Uses and Limitations, Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 5(2), pp. 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3270050205
  13. Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT). (2001). Development of Close-to-Nature River Improvement Techniques, Ministry of Construction and Transportation. [Korean Literature]
  14. Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (KMGL). (2014). http://www.law.go.kr/.
  15. Lassaletta, L., Garcia-Gomez, H., Gimeno, B. S., and Rovira, J. V. (2010). Headwater Streams: Neglected Ecosystems in the EU Water Framework Directive. Implications for Nitrogen Pollution Control, Environmental Science & Policy, 13(5), pp. 423-433.
  16. Lee, C. J., Lee, D. H., Kim, K. H., and Woo, H. S. (2004). Examination into the Applicability of the River Classification System Based on the Geomorphological Criteria, Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, 37(1), pp. 1-11. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2004.37.1.001
  17. Lee, J. W., Lee, M. S., Jeong, I. K., Park, G. A., and Kim, S. J. (2011). Stream Type Classification and 2-Dimensional Hydraulic Characteristics and Bed Change in Anseongcheon Streams and Tributaries, Journal of Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies, 14(4), pp. 77-91. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2011.14.4.077
  18. Lee, M. S., Park, G. A., and Kim, S. J. (2007). Analysis of Geomorphological Characteristics of Gum River Basin using GIS, Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 27(5D), pp. 647-655. [Korean Literature]
  19. Leopold, L. B. and Wolman, M. G. (1957). River Channel Patterns: Braided, Meandering, and Straight, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
  20. Maidment, D. R. (1992). Handbook of Hydrology, McGraw-Hill, USA, pp. 8-9.
  21. Meyer, J. L., Jensen, M. N., and Sutton, D. (2007). Where Rivers Are Born: the Scientific Imperative for Defending Small Streams and Wetlands, American Rivers, USA, pp. 3-8.
  22. Ministry of Environment (MOE). (2006). Mulhwangyeong-gwalli gibon-gyehoek [Basic Plan for Water Environment Management], Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  23. Ministry of Environment (MOE). (2007). 4daegang dorang silgaecheon siltae-josa-saeop [Status of Dorang and Small streams in Four Major Rivers], Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  24. Ministry of Environment (MOE). (2008). 5daegang yuyeok dorang siltae-josa yeongu [Status of Dorang in Five Major Rivers], Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  25. Ministry of Environment (MOE). (2009). 4daegang yuyeok dorang bokwon mit gwalli-bangan yeongu [Research on Dorang Restoration and Management in Four Major Rivers], Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  26. National Geographic Information Institute (NGII). (2009). NGII Notification No. 2009-941, http://www.ngii.go.kr/.
  27. National Institute of the Korean Language (NIKL). (2014). Korean Standard Unabridged Dictionary, http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/.
  28. Park, N. I. (2012). Doranggwa garam [Stream and River], Samtoh, 505, p. 90. [Korean Literature]
  29. Rim, C. S., Lee, J. H., Jeong, J. W., and Yoon, S, E. (2008). Classification of Streams and Application of Channel Evolution Model in Korea, Journal of Korea Society of Civil Engineers, 28(6), pp. 615-625. [Korean Literature]
  30. Rosgen, D. L. (1985). A stream Classification System, Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses, First North American Riparian Conference, Arizona, pp. 91-95.
  31. Rosgen, D. L. (1994). A Classification of Natural Rivers, Catena, 22(3), pp. 169-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(94)90001-9
  32. Strahler, A. N. (1957). Quantitative Analysis of Watershed Geomorphology, Transactions of the American geophysical Union, 38(6), pp. 913-920. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913
  33. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2001 revised). Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices, The Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (eds.), USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, USA, pp. 342-350.
  34. Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R., and Cushing, C. E. (1980). The River Continuum Concept, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(1), pp. 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017
  35. Water Management Information System (WAMIS). (2011). http://www.wamis.go.kr/.
  36. Wipfli, M. S., Richardson, J. S., and Naiman, R. J. (2007). Ecological Linkages Between Headwaters and Downstream Ecosystems: Transport of Organic Matter, Invertebrates, and Wood Down Headwater Channels, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 43(1), pp. 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00007.x
  37. Youngsan River Environmental Management Office (YREMO). (2011). Notice Board: Uri-maeul dorang-salligi saeop gongmo [Contest on Reviving Dorang of Our village], http://www.me.go.kr/ysg/web/board/list.do.

Cited by

  1. Variability of pCO 2 in surface waters and development of prediction model vol.622-623, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.066