Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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Teachers' Conceptions about the Genetic Determinism of Human Behaviors

교사들이 가지는 사람의 행동적 특징에 대한 유전자 결정론적 인식

  • Received : 2014.05.07
  • Accepted : 2014.06.30
  • Published : 2014.06.30
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Abstract

Genetic determinism of human behaviors is considered as a philosophical perspective that genes in humans determine biological as well as social traits. However, many biologists agree that human traits are determined by interactions between genes and genes, as well as between genes and environments. In this context, genetic determinism still affect ideas of the general public as well as research directions of biologists. According to Cl$\acute{e}$ment's KVP model (Cast$\acute{e}$ra & Cl$\acute{e}$ment, 2012), teachers' conceptions of genetic determinism influence students' concepts of genetics. This study intends to investigate teachers' conceptions on genetic determinism of human behaviors. For this end, a questionnaire adopted from a previous research (Cast$\acute{e}$ra & Cl$\acute{e}$ment, 2012) has been administered to 308 teachers including 151 pre-service and 157 in-service. Factor analysis has been conducted to extract major factors and one-way ANOVA has been employed to find out differences in extracted factors among different groups of teachers. Four factors have been extracted from 14 items of questionnaire, including factor 1, a perspective of genetic determinism of gender differences in intellectual ability, social status, and emotional traits; factor 2, a perspective of genetic determinism of individual differences in intellectual ability; factor 3, a perspective of genetic determinism of individual differences in biological immune function and behavioral trait; and factor 4, a perspective of genetic determinism of ethnic differences. From the results of One-way ANOVA among teacher groups on four factors, first, it has shown a significant difference in factor 1 (F=3.325, p=.006), factor 3 (F=3.320, p=.006) and factor 4 (F=4.325, p=.001) due to their subject matters. In post-hoc comparison there have been no significant difference between biology teachers and other teachers. It has also been found that there was a significant difference between pre-service and in-service teachers in factor 1 (t=-3.938, p=.000) and factor 4 (t=-3.121, p=.002) and in-service teachers are more genetic deterministic than pre-service teachers. Finally, different religions have no influence on teachers' conceptions of genetic determinism of human behaviors.

유전자 결정론은 유전자가 인간의 생물학적인 특성 뿐 아니라 사회적인 특성까지도 결정한다고 보는 철학적 견해이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 여전히 일반대중과 생명과학자들이 유전자 결정론을 주장하곤 한다. 클레몽의 KVP모델에 의하면(Cl$\acute{e}$ment & Carvalho, 2007; Cast$\acute{e}$ra & Cl$\acute{e}$ment, 2012) 과학교육에서 교사들의 유전자 결정론은 학생들의 유전에 대한 개념 형성에 영향을 준다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 교사들이 가지고 있는 유전자 결정론에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구(Cast$\acute{e}$ra & Cl$\acute{e}$ment, 2012)의 설문지를 번역하여 생명과학, 국어 및 초등학교의 예비교사 151명, 현직교사 157명의 총 308명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 응답결과에 대해 요인분석을 활용하여 주요 요인들을 추출하였으며 일원분산분석을 실시하여 교사 집단별 요인들의 차이를 분석하였다. 요인분석 결과 4개의 요인이 추출되었는데, 요인1은 남녀의 차이가 유전적으로 결정된다고 보는 관점, 요인2는 개인의 지적능력이 유전적으로 결정된다고 보는 관점, 요인3은 개인의 면역작용과 행동적 특징이 유전적으로 결정된다고 보는 관점이었으며, 요인4는 민족의 특징이 유전적으로 결정된다고 보는 관점이었다. 이 네 가지 요인에 대한 전공교과 집단별 인식 차이를 분석한 일원분산분석 결과 요인1(F=3.325, p=.006), 요인3(F=3.320, p=.006), 요인4(F=4.325, p=.001)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 사후 비교를 한 결과 생명과학 교사와 다른 교사들 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 현직교사와 예비교사로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 요인1(t=-3.938, p=.000)과 요인4(t=-3.121, p=.002)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났는데 예비교사보다 현직교사가 더 유전자 결정론적 인식이 강했다. 네 요인에 대한 교사들의 종교별 차이를 분석한 결과에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

Keywords

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