Korean Journal of Microbiology (미생물학회지)

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
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Biological Control of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in Red Pepper by Bacillus sp. CS-52

Bacillus sp. CS-52를 이용한 고추 탄저병 (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) 방제 특성

  • Kwon, Joung-Ja (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Bok (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Kim, Beam-Soo (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Ho (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Kang, Kyeong-Muk (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Shim, Jang-Sub (Cheongsong Agricultural Technology Center) ;
  • Joo, Woo-Hong (Department of Biology, Changwon National University) ;
  • Jeon, Chun-Pyo (Department of Medicine Quality Analysis, Andong Science College) ;
  • Kwon, Gi-Seok (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University)
  • 권정자 (안동대학교 생명자원과학과) ;
  • 이중복 (안동대학교 생명자원과학과) ;
  • 김범수 (안동대학교 생명자원과학과) ;
  • 이은호 (안동대학교 생명자원과학과) ;
  • 강경묵 (안동대학교 생명자원과학과) ;
  • 심장섭 (청송군 농업기술센터) ;
  • 주우홍 (창원대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 전춘표 (안동과학대학교 의약품질분석과) ;
  • 권기석 (안동대학교 생명자원과학과)
  • Received : 2014.05.27
  • Accepted : 2014.08.04
  • Published : 2014.09.30
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Abstract

This study was carried out in order to develop a biological control of anthracnose of red pepper caused by fungal pathogens. In particular, this study focuses on the Colletotrichum species, which includes important fungal pathogens causing a great deal of damage to red pepper. Antagonistic bacteria were isolated from the soil of pepper fields, which were then tested for biocontrol activity against the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides anthracnose pathogen of pepper. Based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the isolated bacterial strain CS-52 was identical to Bacillus sp. The culture broth of Bacillus sp. CS-52 had antifungal activity toward the hyphae and spores of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, the substances with antifungal activity were optimized when Bacillus sp. CS-52 was grown aerobically in a medium composed of 0.5% glucose, 0.7% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.2% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.3% $NH_4NO_3$, 0.01% $MnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 0.15% yeast extract at $30^{\circ}C$. The inhibition of spore formation resulting from cellulase, siderophores, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), were produced at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. Bacillus sp. CS-52 also exhibited its potent fungicidal activity against anthracnose in an in vivo test, at a level of 70% when compared to chemical fungicides. These results identified substances with antifungal activity produced by Bacillus sp. CS-52 for the biological control of major plant pathogens in red pepper. Further studies will investigate the synergistic effect promoting better growth and antifungal activity by the formulation of substances with antifungal activity.

본 연구에서는 고추재배 지역의 오염지 토양으로부터 탄저병원균인 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides에 대하여 항진균 활성이 우수한 균주를 분리하였다. 분리 균주의 생화학적 특성을 조사한 결과 내생포자를 형성하는 Gram-positive이며, 세포크기는 $2.5{\sim}3.0{\times}1.5{\mu}m$으로 짧은 간균으로 siderophore, cellulase와 IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid)을 생산하였다. 16S rRNA 유전자염기서열 분석 결과 Bacillus sp.와 99%의 상동성을 나타내어 Bacillus sp. CS-52로 명명하였다. Bacillus sp. CS-52의 항진균 활성 물질을 생산하기 위한 배양 최적 조건은 0.5% glucose, 0.7% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.2% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.3% $NH_4NO_3$, 0.01% $MnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 0.15% yeast extract, pH 7과 $30^{\circ}C$로 조사되었으며, 최적화된 배양조건에서 36시간에 최대 성장을 보이며, 고추 탄저병원균에 대하여 60시간 배양조건에서 가장 높은 13.3 mm의 항진균 활성을 보였다. 포자발아억제력은 48시간에 가장 높은 억제력이 보였고, siderophore는 최종배양시간 72시간까지 생성됨을 확인하였다. 식물생장조절물질 IAA와 활성효소인 cellulase의 경우 배양시간 24시간에 최대 생성됨을 확인하였으며, C. gloeosporioides에 대한 실내에서의 항진균활성 검증결과 화학농약 보다 더 높은 70%의 방제가를 나타내었다. 향후 Bacillus sp. CS-52 균주와 배양액을 이용하여 생물학적 친환경방제제로의 제품화가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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