DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of curing condition on strength of geopolymer concrete

  • Patil, Amol A. (Department of Civil Engineering, Datta Meghe College of Engineering) ;
  • Chore, H.S. (Department of Civil Engineering, Datta Meghe College of Engineering) ;
  • Dodeb, P.A. (Department of Civil Engineering, Datta Meghe College of Engineering)
  • Received : 2014.02.10
  • Accepted : 2014.03.07
  • Published : 2014.03.25

Abstract

Increasing emphasis on energy conservation and environmental protection has led to the investigation of the alternatives to customary building materials. Some of the significant goals behind understaking such investigations are to reduce the greenhouse gasemissions and minimize the energy required formaterial production.The usage of concrete around the world is second only to water. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is conventionally used as the primary binder to produce concrete. The cement production is a significant industrial activity in terms of its volume and contribution to greenhouse gas emission. Globally, the production of cement contributes at least 5 to 7 % of $CO_2$. Another major problem of the environment is to dispose off the fly ash, a hazardous waste material, which is produced by thermal power plant by combustion of coal in power generation processes. The geopolymer concrete aims at utilizing the maximum amount of fly ash and reduce $CO_2$ emission in atmosphere by avoiding use of cement to making concrete. This paper reports an experimental work conducted to investigate the effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete prepared by using fly ash as base material and combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline activator.

Keywords

References

  1. Allouche, E.N., Vaidya, S. and Diaz, E.I. (2011), "Experimental evaluation of self cure geoplymer concrete for mass pour application", World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference (May 9-12), Denver, USA.
  2. Bakharev, T. (2005a), "Resistance of geopolymer materials to acid attack", Cement Concrete Res., (Elsevier), 35(4), 658-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.005
  3. Bakharev, T. (2005b), "Durability of geopolymer materials in sodium and magnesium sulphate solutions", Cement Concrete Res. (Elsevier), 35(6), 1233-1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.002
  4. Bakharev, T. (2005c), "Geoplymeric materials prepared using Class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing", Cement Concrete Res. (Elsevier), 35(5), 1224-1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.031
  5. Barbosa, V.F., MacKenzie, K.J. and Thaumaturgo, C. (2000), "Synthesis and characterization of materials based on inorganic polymers of alumina and silica: Sodium polysialate polymers", Int. J. Inorganic Mater., 2(4), 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-6049(00)00041-6
  6. Cheng, T.W. and Chiu, J.P. (2003), "Fire resistant geopolymer produced by granulated blast-furnace slag", Mineral Engineering (Elsevier), 15, 205-210.
  7. Davidovits, J. (1991), "Geopolymers: Inorganic polymeric new materials", J. Thermal Anal., 37, 1633-1656. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01912193
  8. Davidovits, J. (1994a), "High-alkali cements for 21st century concretes in concrete technology - Past, present and future", Proceedings of V. Mohan Malhotra Symposium, Detroit, USA (Ed.: Mehta, P.K.), ACI SP- 144, 383-397.
  9. Davidovits, J. (1994b), Properties of geopolymer cements, First Int. Conf. Alkaline Cements and Concretes, Kiev, Ukraine, SRIBM Kiev State Technical University.
  10. Davidovits, J. (1999), Chemistry of geopolymeric systems, An International Conference on Geopolymers, France.
  11. Duxson, P., Fernandez, J.A., Provis, J.L., Lukey, G.C., Palomo, A. and van Deventer (2007), "Geopolymer technology- The current state of the art", J. Mater. Sci., 42 (9), 2917-2933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0637-z
  12. Fernandez, J.A., Palomo, A. and Lopez, H.C. (2006), "Engineering properties of alkali activated fly ash concrete", ACI Mater. J., 103(2), 106-112.
  13. Hardjito, D. and Rangan, B.V. (2005), "Development and properties of low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete", Research Report GC-1, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.
  14. IS: 10262- 2009, Recommended guideline for concrete mix design, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
  15. IS: 1199-1959 (reaffirmed 2004), Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
  16. IS: 3812-2013, Testing of physical and chemical properties of fly ash, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
  17. IS: 383- 1970 (reaffirmed 2002), Indian standard code of practice for specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
  18. Lee, W.K.W and Deventer, J.S.J. (2002), "The effects of inorganic salt contamination on the strength and durability of geopolymers", Colloids and Surfaces Phsicochem. Eng. Aspects, 115-126.
  19. Malhotra, V.M. (1999), "Making concrete greener with fly ash", ACI Concrete Int., 21(5), 61-66.
  20. McCaffrey, R. (2002), "Climate change and the cement industry", Global Cement and Lime Magazine (Environmental Special Issue), 15-19.
  21. Mehta, P.K. (2001), "Greening of the concrete industry for sustainable development", ACI Concrete Int., 24(7), 23-28.
  22. Mustafa Al Bakri, A.M., Kamarudin, H., Bnhussain, M., Rafiza, A.R. and Zarina, Y. (2012), "Effect of Na2SiO3/ NaOH ratios and NaOH molarities on compressive strength on fly ash based geopolymer", ACI Marerials J., 109(5), 503-508.
  23. Neville, A.M. (2000), Properties of Concrete, Addison -Wesely Longman Ltd. (Fourth Ed.).
  24. Palomo, A., Grutzeck, M.W. and Blanko, M.T. (1999), "Alkali-activated fly ashes: A cement for the future", Cement Concrete Res. (Elsevier), 29(8), 1323-1329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00243-9
  25. Phair, J.W. and Deventer, J.S. (2001), "Effect of silicate activator pH on the leaching and material characteristic of waste - based inorganic polymer", Mineral Eng. (Elsevier), 14(3), 289-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(01)00002-4
  26. Rahier, H., Simons, W., Mele, B. and Biesemans, M., (1997), "Low-temperature synthesized aluminosilicate glasses, Part III - Influence of the composition of the silicate solution on production, structure and properties", J. Mater. Sci., 32, 2237-2247. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018563914630
  27. Ramchandran, S., Ramakrishnan, V. and Johnston, D. (1992), "Roll of high volume fly ash in controlling alkali-aggregate activity", Am. Concrete Inst. SP, 132, 591-614.
  28. Sofi, D., Deventer, J.S.J., Mendis, P.A. and Lukey, G.C. (2006), "Engineering properties of inorganic polymer concretes (IPCs)", Cement Concrete Res., 37, 251-257.
  29. Jaarsveld, J.G.S., Deventer, J.S.J. and Luckey, G.C. (2002), "The effect of composition and temperature on the properties of fly ash and Kaolinite based geopolymers", Chem. Eng. J., 89(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00025-6
  30. Wallah, S.E. and Rangan, B.V. (2006), Low Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete: Long Term Properties, Research Report GC 2, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia.
  31. Wang, B.M and Wang, L.J. (2005), "Development of studies and applications of activation techniques of fly ash", Proceedings International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology, Beijing, August 23, 159-169.
  32. Xu, H. and Deventer, J.S.J. (2000), "The gopolymerisation of alumino- silicate minerals", Int. J. Mineral Proc., 59(3), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00074-5

Cited by

  1. Potential use of mine tailings and fly ash in concrete vol.3, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2015.3.1.055
  2. Characteristic study of geopolymer fly ash sand as a replacement to natural river sand vol.150, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.029
  3. Experimental investigation of the compressive and tensile strengths of geopolymer mortar: The effect of sand/fly ash (S/FA) ratio vol.127, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.030
  4. Effect of coarse aggregate size on the compressive behaviour of geopolymer concrete 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1304276
  5. Performance of bricks and brick masonry prism made using coal fly ash and coal bottom ash vol.4, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2016.4.4.231
  6. Temperature Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Very High Performance Concrete vol.34, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.34.29
  7. A mix design procedure for geopolymer concrete with fly ash vol.133, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.041
  8. Methods of curing geopolymer concrete: A review vol.5, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2018.01.005
  9. Compressive Strength of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers: Influence of KOH Concentration, Temperature, Time and Relative Humidity vol.07, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2016.711060
  10. Flexural behaviour of fibre reinforced geopolymer concrete composite beams vol.15, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.15.3.437
  11. A treatise on irregular shaped concrete test specimens vol.16, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.1.179
  12. Geopolymer Sand as a replacement to Natural Sand in concrete vol.431, pp.1757-899X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/431/9/092011
  13. Strength Performance of Blended Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar vol.34, pp.2267-1242, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401016
  14. Properties of concrete incorporating sand and cement with waste marble powder vol.4, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2016.4.2.145
  15. Improving compressive strength of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete with alccofine vol.5, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.1.17
  16. Development of mix design method for geopolymer concrete vol.5, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.4.377
  17. Temperature and humidity effects on behavior of grouts vol.5, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.6.659
  18. Strength and permeation properties of alccofine activated low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete vol.20, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.20.6.683
  19. Mechanical and durability properties of fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete vol.6, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2018.6.4.345
  20. Feasibility study of ambient cured geopolymer concrete -A review vol.6, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2018.6.4.387
  21. Strength development of ground perlite-based geopolymer mortars vol.9, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2020.9.3.227
  22. Influence of metakaolin on strength and durability characteristics of ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete vol.21, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201900415
  23. Mix Design Proposed for Geopolymer Concrete Mixtures Based on Ground Granulated Blast furnace slag vol.18, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/14488353.2020.1761513
  24. Physical and Mechanical Properties and Biological Resistance of the Calcareous Composites on Activated Mixing Water vol.1011, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1011.151
  25. A Machine Learning-Assisted Numerical Predictor for Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete Based on Experimental Data and Sensitivity Analysis vol.10, pp.21, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217726
  26. A Review of Recent Developments and Advances in Eco-Friendly Geopolymer Concrete vol.10, pp.21, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217838
  27. Structural Behavior of Nanocoated Oil Palm Shell as Coarse Aggregate in Lightweight Concrete vol.2021, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4741296
  28. Effect of molar ratios on strength, microstructure & embodied energy of metakaolin geopolymer vol.11, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2021.11.2.127
  29. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Compared to Conventional Concrete vol.11, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11050178
  30. Fly Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concretes: A Comprehensive Review of the Short-Term Properties vol.14, pp.15, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154264