Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of mass and contact surface on pounding response of RC structures

  • Khatiwada, Sushil (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre) ;
  • Larkin, Tam (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre) ;
  • Chouw, Nawawi (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre)
  • Received : 2014.04.03
  • Accepted : 2014.05.20
  • Published : 2014.09.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pounding damage to bridges and buildings is observed in most major earthquakes. The damage mainly occurs in reinforced concrete slabs, e.g. building floors and bridge decks. This study presents the results from pounding of reinforced concrete slabs. A parametric investigation was conducted involving the mass of the pendulums, the relative velocities of impact and the geometry of the contact surface. The effect of these parameters on the coefficient of restitution and peak impact acceleration is shown. In contrast to predictions from numerical force models, it was observed that peak acceleration is independent of mass. The coefficient of restitution is affected by the impact velocity, total participating mass and the mass ratio of striker and struck block.

Keywords

References

  1. Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (1988), "Pounding of buildings in series during earthquakes", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 16(3), 443-456. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160311
  2. Athanassiadou, C.J., Penelis, G.G. and Kappos, A.J. (1994), "Seismic response of adjacent buildings with similar or different dynamic characteristics", Earthq. Spect., 10(2), 293-317. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585775
  3. Bothara, J.K., Jury, R.D., Wheeler, K. and Stevens, C. (2008). "Seismic assessment of buildings in Wellington: experiences and challenges", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, October.
  4. Chouw, N. (2002), "Influence of soil-structure interaction on pounding response of adjacent buildings due to near-source earthquakes", JSCE J. Appl. Mech., 5, 543-553. https://doi.org/10.2208/journalam.5.543
  5. Chouw, N. and Hao, H. (2008), "Significance of SSI and nonuniform near-fault ground motions in bridge response I: Effect on response with conventional expansion joint", Eng. Struct., 30(1), 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.03.002
  6. Chouw, N. and Hao, H. (2012), "Pounding damage to buildings and bridges in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake", Int. J. Protect. Struct., 3(2), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1260/2041-4196.3.2.123
  7. Cole, G.L., Dhakal, R.P., Carr, A. and Bull, D. (2010), "Building pounding state of the art: Identifying structures vulnerable to pounding damage", New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Annual Conference, Wellington, April.
  8. Cole, G.L., Dhakal, R.P., Carr, A. and Bull, D. (2011), "An investigation of the effects of mass distribution on pounding structures", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(6), 641-659. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1052
  9. Goldsmith, W. (2001), Impact: the theory and physical behaviour of colliding solids, Dover Publications, New York, USA.
  10. Guo, A., Cui, L. and Li, H. (2012), "Impact stiffness of the contact-element models for the pounding analysis of highway bridges: Experimental evaluation", J. Earthq. Eng., 16(8), 1132-1160. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2012.693243
  11. Guo, A., Li, Z., Li, H. and Ou, J. (2009), "Experimental and analytical study on pounding reduction of base-isolated highway bridges using MR dampers", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38(11), 1307-1333. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.903
  12. Graff, K. (1991), Wave motion in elastic solids, Dover Publications, New York, USA.
  13. EERI special earthquake report (2001), "Learning from earthquakes: preliminary observations on the origin and effects of the January 26, 2001 Bhuj (Gujarat, India) earthquake", Oakland, California, USA.
  14. Khatiwada, S. and Chouw, N. (2014), "Limitations in simulation of building pounding in earthquakes", Int. J. Protect. Struct., 5(2), 123-150. https://doi.org/10.1260/2041-4196.5.2.123
  15. Khatiwada, S., Chouw, N. and Butterworth, J.W. (2014), "A generic structural pounding model using numerically exact displacement proportional damping", Eng. Struct., 62-63, 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.016
  16. Jankowski, R. (2005), "Nonlinear viscoelastic modelling of earthquake induced structural pounding", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(6), 595-611. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.434
  17. Jankowski, R. (2007), "Theoretical and experimental assessment of parameters for the non-linear viscoelastic model of structural pounding", J. Theoret. Appl. Mech., 45(4), 931-942.
  18. Jankowski, R. (2010), "Experimental study on earthquake-induced pounding between structural elements made of different building materials", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 39(3), 343-354.
  19. Jeng, V. and Tzeng, W. (2000), "Assessment of seismic pounding hazard for Taipei city", Eng. Struct., 22(5), 459-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00123-0
  20. Kasai, K. and Maison, B.F. (1997), "Building pounding damage during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake", Eng. Struct., 19(3), 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(96)00082-X
  21. Leibovich, E., Rutenberg, A. and Yankelevsky, D.Z. (2012), "Pounding response of adjacent concrete rods: an experimental study", Int. J. Protect. Struct., 3(3), 355-374. https://doi.org/10.1260/2041-4196.3.3.355
  22. Leibovich, E., Yankelevsky, D.Z. and Rutenberg, A. (1994), "Pounding response of adjacent concrete slabs: an experimental study", Proceedings of the 17th Regional European Seminar on Earthquake Engineering, Haifa, Israel, September.
  23. Li, B., Bi, K., Chouw, N., Butterworth, J.W. and Hao, H. (2012), "Experimental investigation of spatially varying effect of ground motions on bridge pounding", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(14), 1959-1976. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2168
  24. Li, B., Bi, K., Chouw, N., Butterworth, J.W. and Hao, H. (2013), "Effect of abutment excitation on bridge pounding", Eng. Struct., 5457-68.
  25. Mahmoud, S. and Jankowski, R. (2011), "Modified linear viscoelastic model of earthquake-induced structural pounding", Iranian J Sci. Tech. Trans. B- Eng., 35(C1), 51-62.
  26. Malhotra, P. (1998), "Dynamics of seismic pounding at expansion joints of concrete bridges", ASCE J. Eng. Mech., 124(7), 794-802. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1998)124:7(794)
  27. Masroor, A. and Mosqueda, G. (2012a), "Experimental and numerical Simulation of limit states in base isolated buildings including pounding", 20th Analysis and Computation Specialty Conference, Chicago, March.
  28. Masroor, A. and Mosqueda, G. (2012b), "Experimental simulation of base-isolated buildings pounding against moat wall and effects on superstructure response", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(14), 2093-2109. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2177
  29. Muthukumar, S. and Des Roches, R. (2006), "A Hertz contact model with non linear damping for pounding simulation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(7), 811-828. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.557
  30. Papadrakakis, M. and Mouzakis, H.P. (1995), "Earthquake simulator testing of pounding between adjacent buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24(6), 811-834. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290240604
  31. Rosenblueth, E. and Meli, R. (1986), "The 1985 earthquake: causes and effects in Mexico city", Concrete Int., 8(5), 23-34.
  32. Bureau of Indian Standards (2000), IS 456, Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice, India.
  33. Van Mier, J., Pruijssers, A., Reinhardt, H. and Monnier, T. (1991), "Load time response of colliding concrete bodies", J. Struct. Eng., 117(2), 354-374. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:2(354)
  34. Zhu, P., Abe, M. and Fujino, Y. (2002), "Modelling three dimensional non linear seismic performance of elevated bridges with emphasis on pounding of girders", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(11), 1891-1913. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.194

Cited by

  1. State-of-the-Art of Research on Seismic Pounding Between Buildings with Aligned Slabs 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-017-9242-3
  2. Minimum required separation gap for adjacent RC frames with potential inter-story seismic pounding vol.152, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.09.025
  3. Seismic response of skewed bridges including pounding effects vol.14, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.14.5.467
  4. Seismic Fragility Functions for Non-Seismically Designed RC Structures Considering Pounding Effects vol.11, pp.12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120665
  5. Effect of earthquake-induced transverse poundings on a 32 m span railway bridge isolated by friction pendulum bearings vol.251, pp.no.pa, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113538