Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic fragility analysis of conventional and viscoelastically damped moment resisting frames

  • Received : 2013.06.03
  • Accepted : 2014.03.25
  • Published : 2014.09.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an analytical study on seismic reliability of viscoelastically damped frame systems in comparison with that of conventional moment resisting frame systems. In order to exhibit the reliability of the frame systems with viscoelastic dampers, seismic reliability analyses were carried out for steel framed buildings, 5 and 12 storeys in height, designed as: (a) Case 1: Conventional moment resisting frame, (b) Case 2: Frame with viscoelastic dampers providing supplemental effective damping ratio of 10%, and (c) Case 3: Frame with viscoelastic dampers providing supplemental effective damping ratio of 20%. Nonlinear time history analyses were utilized to develop seismic fragility curves whilst monitoring various performance objectives. To obtain robust estimators of the seismic reliability, a database including 15 natural earthquake ground motion records with markedly different characteristics was employed in the fragility analysis. The results indicate that depending upon the supplemental effective damping ratio, frames designed with viscoelastic dampers have considerably lower annual probability of exceedance of performance limit states for structural components, showing up to a five-fold reduction in comparison to conventionally designed moment resisting frame system.

Keywords

References

  1. Aiken, I.D., Kelly, J. and Pall, A.S. (1988), Seismic Response of a Nine-Story Steel Frame with Friction Damped Cross-Bracing, Technical report no. UCB/EERC-88/17, University of California, Berkeley.
  2. Ambraseys, N.N., Douglas, J., Sigbjoernsson, R., Berge-Thierry, C., Suhadolc, P., Costa, G. and Smit, P. (2004), "Dissemination of European strong-motion data", Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
  3. Ambraseys, N.N., Smit, P., Douglas, J., Margaris, B., Sigbjoernsson, R., Olafsson, S., Suhadolc, P. and Costa, G. (2004), "Internet site for European strong-motion data", Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl., 45(3), 113-129.
  4. Asano, M., Masahiko, H. and Yamamoto, M. (2000), "The experimental study on viscoelastic material dampers and the formulation of analytical model", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.
  5. Chang, K.C., Soong, T.T., Oh, S.T. and Lai, M.L. (1992), "Effect of ambient temperature on a viscoelastically damped structure", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 118(7), 1955-1967. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:7(1955)
  6. Chang, K.C., Soong, T.T., Oh, S.T. and Lai, M.L. (1995), "Seismic behavior of steel frame with added viscoelastic dampers", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE., 121(10), 1418-1426. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:10(1418)
  7. Craig, J.I., Goodno, B.J., Towashiraporn, P. and Park, J. (2002), Response modification applications for essential facilities, Mid-America Earthquake Center Project ST-4 Final Report, Atlanta, Georgia.
  8. Curadelli, R.O. and Riera, J.D. (2004), "Reliability based assessment of the effectiveness of metallic dampers in buildings under seismic excitations", Eng. Struct., 26(13), 1931-1938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.07.004
  9. Dimova, S.L. and Hirata, K. (2000), "Simplifed seismic fragility analysis of structures with two types of friction devices", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 29(8), 1153-1175. https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9845(200008)29:8<1153::AID-EQE961>3.0.CO;2-Y
  10. Di Sarno, L. and Elnashai, A.S. (2009), "Bracing systems for seismic setrofitting of steel frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 65(2), 452-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.013
  11. Ellingwood, B.R. (2001), "Earthquake risk assessment of building structures", Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 74(3), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0951-8320(01)00105-3
  12. Erberik, M.A. and Elnashai, A.S. (2004), "Fragility analysis of flat-slab structures", Eng. Struct., 26(7), 937-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.012
  13. FEMA 356 (2000), Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington (DC).
  14. Field, E.H., Jordan, T.H. and Cornell, C.A. (2003), "OpenSHA: A developing community-modeling environment for seismic hazard analysis", Seismol. Res. Lett.; 74(4), 406-419. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.74.4.406
  15. Filiatrault, A. and Cherry, S. (1988), "Comparative performance of friction damped systems and based isolation systems for earthquake retrofit and aseismic design", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Des., 16(3), 389-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160308
  16. Guneyisi, E.M. (2012), "Seismic reliability of steel moment resisting framed buildings retrofitted with buckling restrained braces", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Des., 41(5), 853-874. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1161
  17. Guneyisi, E.M. and Altay, G. (2008), "Seismic fragility assessment of effectiveness of viscous dampers in r/c buildings under scenario earthquakes", Struct. Saf., 30(5), 461-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2007.06.001
  18. Guo, A.X., Xu, Y.L. and Wu, B. (2002), "Seismic reliability analysis of hysteretic structure with viscoelastic dampers", Eng. Struct., 24(3), 373-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00103-1
  19. Gupta, A. and Krawinkler, H. (1999), Seismic demands for performance evaluation of steel moment resisting frame structures, Report no:132, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University The John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center.
  20. HAZUS (1997), Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology, Technical Manual, National Institute of Building for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington (DC).
  21. Housner, G.W., Bergman, L.A., Caughey, T.K., Chassiakos, A.G., Claus, R.O., Masri, S.F., Skelton, R.E., Soong, T.T., Spencer, B.F. and Yao, J.T.P. (1997), "Structural control: past, present and future", J Eng. Mech.-ASCE, 123(9), 897-971. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:9(897)
  22. Karavasilis, T.L., Blakeborough, T. and Williams, M.S. (2011), "Development of nonlinear analytical model and seismic analyses of a steel frame with self-centering devices and viscoelastic dampers", Comput. Struct., 89(11-12), 1232-1240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.08.013
  23. Kelly, J.M. (1986), "Aseismic base isolation: review and bibliography", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 5(4), 202-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/0267-7261(86)90006-0
  24. Kim, J. and Choi, H. (2006), "Displacement-based design of supplemental dampers for seismic retrofit of a framed structure", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 132(6), 873-883. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:6(873)
  25. Kinali, K. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2007), "Seismic fragility assessment of steel frames for consequence-based engineering: a case study for Memphis, TN", Eng. Struct., 29(6), 1115-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.08.017
  26. Lee, H.H. and Tsai, C.S. (1992), "Analytical model for viscoelastic dampers in seismic mitigation application", Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam.
  27. Lin, K.C., Lin, C.C.J., Chen, J.Y. and Chang, H.Y. (2010), "Seismic reliability of steel framed buildings", Struct. Saf., 32(3), 174-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2009.11.001
  28. Lin, Y.Y., Tsai, M.H. Hwang, J.S. and Chang, K.C. (2003), "Direct displacement-based design for building with passive energy dissipation systems", Eng. Struct., 25(1), 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00099-8
  29. Luco, N. and Cornell, C.A. (2007), "Structure-specific scalar intensity measures for nearsource and ordinary earthquake ground motions", Earthq. Spect., 23(2), 357-392. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2723158
  30. Martinez-Romero, E. (1993), "Experiences on the use of supplemental energy dissipators on building structures", Earthq. Spect., 9(3), 581-625. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585731
  31. O zel, A.E. and Guneyisi, E.M. (2011), "Effects of eccentric steel bracing systems on seismic fragility curves of mid-rise R/C buildings: A case study", Struct. Saf., 33(1), 82-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.09.001
  32. Pall, A., Venzina, S., Proulx, P. ve Pall, R. (1993), "Friction dampers for seismic control of canadian space agency headquarters", Earthq. Spect., 9(3), 547-557. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585729
  33. Park, J. and Kim, J. (2010), "Fragility analysis of steel moment frames with various seismic connections subjected to sudden loss of a column", Eng. Struct., 32(6), 1547-1555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.02.003
  34. Prakash, V., Powell, G.H. and Campbell, S. (1993), DRAIN-2DX. Base program description and user guide. Version 1.10, University of California at Berkeley.
  35. prEN 1998-Eurocode 8 (1998), Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance. Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings
  36. Shome, N. and Cornell, C.A. (1999) Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures, Reliability of Marine Structures Program Report No. RMS-35, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, California.
  37. Shome, N., Cornell, C.A., Bazzurro, P. and Carballo, J.E. (1998), "Earthquakes, records, and nonlinear responses", Earthq. Spect., 14(3), 469-500. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586011
  38. Shukla, A.K. and Datta, T.K. (1999), "Optimal use of viscoelastic dampers in building frames for seismic force", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 125(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(401)
  39. Singh, M.P. and Chang, T.S. (2009), "Seismic analysis of structures with viscoelastic dampers", J Eng. Mech.-ASCE, 135(6), 571-580. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:6(571)
  40. Soda, S. and Takahashi, Y. (2000) "Performance based seismic design of building structures with viscoelastic dampers", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.
  41. Song, J. and Ellingwood, B.R. (1999a), "Seismic reliability of special moment steel frames with welded connections: I", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 125(4), 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(357)
  42. Song, J. and Ellingwood, B.R. (1999b), "Seismic reliability of special moment steel frames with welded connections: II", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 125(4), 372-384. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(372)
  43. Soong, T.T. and Dargush, G.F. (1997), Passive Energy dissipation systems in structural engineering, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, England.
  44. Symans, M.D., Charney, F.A., Whittaker, A.S., Constantinou, M.C., Kircher, C.A., Johnson, M.W. and McNamara, R.J. (2008), "Energy dissipation systems for seismic applications: current practice and recent developments", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 134(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(3)
  45. Tezcan, S.S. and Uluca, O. (2003), "Reduction of earthquake response of plane frame buildings by viscoelastic dampers", Eng. Struct., 25(14), 1755-1761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.07.001
  46. Tsai, K.C., Chen, H.W., Hong, C.P. and Su, Y.F. (1993), "Design of steel triangular plate energy absorber for seismic-resistant construction", Earthq. Spect., 9(3), 505-528. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585727
  47. Valles, R.E., Reinhorn, A.M., Kunnath, S.K., Li, C. and Madan, A. (1996) IDARC 2D version 4.0: A computer program for the inelastic damage analysis of buildings, Technical Rep. NCEER-96-0010, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, NY.
  48. Vulcano, A. and Mazza, F. (2000), "Comparative study of the seismic performance of frames using different dissipative braces", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.
  49. Wanitkorkul, A. and Filiatrault, A. (2008), "Influence of passive supplemental damping systems on structural and nonstructural seismic fragilities of a steel building", Eng. Struct., 30(3), 675-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.05.013
  50. Xua, Z.D., Zhao, H.T. and Li, A.Q. (2004), "Optimal analysis and experimental study on structures with viscoelastic dampers", J Sound Vib., 273(3), 607-618 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00522-4

Cited by

  1. Implications of bi-directional interaction on seismic fragilities of structures vol.5, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/csm.2016.5.2.101
  2. Nonlinear dynamic response of reinforced concrete building retrofitted with buckling restrained braces vol.8, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.6.1349
  3. Simulation based improved seismic fragility analysis of structures vol.12, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.5.569
  4. The capacity loss of a RCC building under mainshock-aftershock seismic sequences vol.15, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.3.295
  5. Analysis of damping performance of frame structure with viscoelastic dampers vol.38, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1108/ec-02-2020-0116