KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research (대한토목학회논문집)

Korean Society of Civil Engeneers (대한토목학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Cost Structure of the Lines of Urban Railway

도시철도 노선의 비용구조 분석

  • Received : 2014.07.18
  • Accepted : 2014.08.18
  • Published : 2014.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to estimate the degree of cost inefficiency for the urban railway lines of a metropolitan city operated by public institutions in Korea and identify the causes of this inefficiency. To this end, we assume that the urban railway lines produce the output of train-km by putting three production factors of labor, electric power and maintenance and set the variable cost function model with the translog function to make a stochastic cost frontier analysis. Based on estimated result, we conclude that the cost savings for 6 years of all lines are about 6,672 hundred million won and top five lines with high inefficiency are Busan Line1, Daegu Line1, Daejeon Line1, Gwangju Line1, and Daegu Line2. The causes of inefficiency are attributable to labor and maintenance factors. The results of this study can be useful in case of finding the priorities of measures and specific plans for reducing labor and maintenance costs in the urban railway operation.

본 연구는 우리나라 공공기관이 운영하는 대도시의 도시철도 노선에 대하여 비용 비효율성의 정도를 도출하고, 이러한 비효율성의 발생 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 도시철도 노선을 노동, 동력, 유지보수의 세 가지 생산요소를 투입하여 열차-km의 산출물을 생산하는 형태로 상정하고, 확률적 비용변경 접근법을 이용한 초월대수 함수형태의 가변비용함수모형을 설정하였다. 확률적 비용변경 접근법을 적용한 도시철도 노선의 운영비용 비효율성 분석 결과, 노선 전체의 6년간 절감가능 비용은 약 6,672억원으로 추정되었으며, 비효율성이 높은 상위 5개 노선은 부산1호선, 대구1호선, 대전1호선, 광주1호선, 대구2호선으로 파악되었다. 비효율의 발생원인은 노동과 유지보수 요소에 기인하며, 본 연구의 결과를 활용하면, 도시철도 운영에 있어서의 인력 및 유지보수 비용 절감을 위한 대책의 우선순위와 구체적인 방안 모색에 있어 참고가 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, Y. S. (1998). Analyzing the economies of scale and scope in Korean Railways Industry, Master's Thesis, Seoul National University (in Korean).
  2. Busan Transportation Corp. (2007-2012), Annual accounts (in Korean).
  3. Busan Transportation Corp. (2007-2012), Business report (in Korean).
  4. Christensen, L. R., Jorgensen, D. W. and Lau, L. J. (1973). "Transcendental logarithmic production frontiers." Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 28-45. https://doi.org/10.2307/1927992
  5. Daegu Metropolitan Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Annual accounts (in Korean).
  6. Daegu Metropolitan Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Business report (in Korean).
  7. Daejeon Express Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Annual accounts (in Korean).
  8. Daejeon Express Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Business report (in Korean).
  9. Gwangju Metropolitan Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Annual accounts (in Korean).
  10. Gwangju Metropolitan Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Business report (in Korean).
  11. Ha, H. K. and Lee, K. M. (2002). A study on cost characteristics in Korean Railroad Industry, The Korea Transport Institute (in Korean).
  12. Incheon Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Annual accounts (in Korean).
  13. Incheon Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Business report (in Korean).
  14. Jondrow, J., Lovell, C. A. K., Materov, I. S. and Schmidt, P. (1982). "On the estimation of technical inefficiency in the stochastic frontier production function model." Journal of econometrics, Vol. 19, No. 2-3, pp. 233-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(82)90004-5
  15. Kim, H. W. (2010). A study on the efficiency of korean railway transport service using data envelopment analysis, A Doctor's Thesis, Seoul National University of Technology (in Korean).
  16. Kim, J. K. (2013). An empirical study on efficient structure by cost characteristics analysis of railway industry : by using Data of Seven Countries Owning High-Speed Rail, Master's Thesis, Seoul National University (in Korean).
  17. Kim, M. J. (2000). A stochastic frontier cost approach to the analysis of cost structure of the seoul's rail transit industry:Deriving Optimal Fare Levels and the Efficient Number of Firms, Master's Thesis, Seoul National University (in Korean).
  18. Kim, M. J. and Kim, S. S. (2005). "An analysis on the efficiency and productivity of Korean rail transit authorities using a stochastic cost frontier approach (A comparison with the estimation results by DEA)." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 15-25 (in Korean).
  19. Kim, S. H., Joung, H. Y. and LEE, W. G. (2014). "Transport efficiency analysis of the lines of urban railway using data envelopment analysis." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 605-616 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2014.34.2.0605
  20. Kim, S. Y. (2013). A study on efficiency and productivity of Korea railroad lines: Focused on marketing, Operation of KORAIL, A Doctor's Thesis, Sunchon National University (in Korean).
  21. Kim, Y. H. (2004). The estimate of cost function of busan urban transit authority and seoul metropolitan subway corporation:Focused on Economies of Scale and Density, Master's Thesis, Seoul National University (in Korean).
  22. Lee, J. K. (2002). MICROECONOMICS, Bobmunsa (in Korean).
  23. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2013). Appraisal guidelines of transportation investments (5th revision), (in Korean).
  24. Mizutani, F. and Uranishi, S. (2012). "Does vertical separation reduce cost? An empirical analysis of the rail industry in European and East Asian OECD Countries." Journal of Regulatory Economics, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 31-59.
  25. Olson, J. A., Schmidt, P. and Waldman, D. M. (1980). "A monte carlo study of estimators of stochastic frontier production functions." Journal of economics, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(80)90043-3
  26. Park, J. K. and Kim, S. S. (2004). "Economies of scale and scope in the Korean Railway Industry: A Generalized Translog Cost Function Approach." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 159-173 (in Korean).
  27. Park, J. K. and Kim, S. S. (2007). "The analysis of efficiency and productivity in the Korean and Japanese Railways: A Stochastic Cost Frontier Approach." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 141-157 (in Korean).
  28. Park, J. S. (2007). A development of the operating cost models for urban railways, A Doctor's Thesis, Hanyang University (in Korean).
  29. Schmidt, P. and Lovell, C. A. K. (1979). "Estimating technical and allocative efficiency relative to stochastic production and cost frontiers." Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 343-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(79)90078-2
  30. Seoul Metro (2007-2012), Annual accounts (in Korean).
  31. Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Annual accounts (in Korean).
  32. Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corp. (2007-2012), Business report (in Korean).
  33. Song, J. Y. (2014). Cost structure of the korean urban bus transit industry: An Application of the Fourier Flexible Functional Form, A Doctor's Thesis, Seoul National University (in Korean).
  34. Suh, S. D. and Lee, J. H. (1996). "The estimation of the operating cost function for korea regional railroad." The Korea Transport Institute (in Korean).
  35. Viton, P. A. (1993). "Once again, The costs of urban rapid transit." Transportation research Part B, Methodological, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-2615(93)90025-6
  36. Yoo, G. S. and Kim, S. J. (2012). "Study on the operational efficiency of urban railway system based on data envelopment analysis." The Seoul Institute, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 237-246 (in Korean).