Korean Journal of Poultry Science (한국가금학회지)

The Korean Society of Poultry Science (한국가금학회)
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Inheritance and Heritability of Telomere Length in Chicken

닭 텔로미어 길이의 유전력 추정과 유전 전이 양상

  • Park, Dan Bi (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Sohn, Sea Hwan (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology)
  • 박단비 (경남과학기술대학교 동물생명과학과) ;
  • 손시환 (경남과학기술대학교 동물생명과학과)
  • Received : 2014.08.25
  • Accepted : 2014.09.22
  • Published : 2014.09.30
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Abstract

Telomeres are the ends of the eukaryotic chromosomes and consist of a tandem repetitive DNA sequence and shelterin protein complex. The function of telomere is to protect chromosome. Telomere length in somatic cells tends to decrease with organismal age due to the end replication problem. However, several factors at the genetic, epigenetic and environmental level affect telomere length. In this study, we estimated heritability of telomere length and investigated inheritance of telomeres in a chicken. Telomere length of lymphocytes was analyzed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction using telomere primer and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization using telomeric DNA probe. In results, heritability of telomere length was estimated 0.9 at birth by offspring-parent regression analysis and was estimated 0.03 and 0.04 at 10 and 30 weeks old, respectively, by parental variance analysis. There was a significant positive correlation in telomere length between father and their offspring (r=0.348), and mother and their offspring (r=0.380). In inheritance patterns of telomere length, the influence of paternal and maternal effect on their offspring was similar. The influence of inherited telomeres on male and female progeny was also roughly alike. These results implicated that imprinting of parental telomere length was regulated by autosomal genes, not sex linked genes. In addition, telomere length of offspring at birth did not differ along with their maternal age. Thus, maternal age does not affects telomere length in their offspring at birth owing to cellular reprogramming at early embryonic stage.

텔로미어는 진핵 세포의 염색체 말단으로, 직렬 반복 DNA 염기 서열과 shelterin 단백질 복합체로 구성되어 있다. 텔로미어의 기능은 염색체를 보호하는 것으로 체세포의 텔로미어 길이는 세포 분열시 DNA 복제 결실로 인해 연령이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향이 있다. 그러나 유전적, 후생유전학적 및 환경적 수준에서 여러 가지 요인이 텔로미어 길이에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 닭의 텔로미어 길이의 유전력을 추정하고, 이들의 유전전이 양상을 살펴보고자 하였다. 텔로미어 길이는 백혈구를 이용하여 양적 형광접합보인법(Q-FISH)과 양적 중합효소 연쇄반응법(qRT-PCR)으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 텔로미어 길이의 유전력은 자손과 부모 회귀 분석에 의해 출생 시 0.9로 추정되었고, 10 주령 및 30주령 때 부 분산 분석에 의해 0.03과 0.04로 추정되었다. 부와 자손 간(r=0.348) 및 모와 자손 간(r=0.380) 텔로미어 길이는 모두 유의한 정의 상관 관계를 보였다. 따라서 닭 텔로미어의 유전 전이 양상은 부모 양쪽 모두로부터 비슷하게 자식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 더불어 암수 자손에 미치는 영향 또한 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 부모의 텔로미어 길이의 각인이 성염색체의 유전자가 아닌 상염색체의 유전자에 의해 조절되는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 산모 연령에 따른 출생 자손의 텔로미어 길이는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 모체의 연령이 출생 자손의 텔로미어 길이에 영향을 미치지 않는데, 이는 수정란의 초기 배아 단계에서 세포적 reprogramming이 이루어지기 때문으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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