Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Pattern of Lymph Node Pathology in Western Saudi Arabia

  • Published : 2014.06.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological pattern of lymph node pathology among Saudi patients and to highlight the age and gender variations of these lesions as base line data. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from lymph node biopsy specimens received at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to December 2013. Results: Of the 289 lymph node biopsy specimens received, 154 (53.3%) were from males and 135 (46.7%) from females giving a male: female ratio of 1.14:1. Age of the patients ranged from 2.5 to 96 years with a mean age 33.9 years. The commonest lymph node group affected was the cervical (30.4%) followed by axillary (9.7%) and inguinal (8.7%). Malignant lymphoma [71 Hodgkin's disease (HD), 57 non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)] 128 (44.3%), reactive hyperplasia 68 (23.5%), and tuberculosis 41 (14.2%) were the common causes of lymph node enlargement. While HD, reactive hyperplasia and tuberculosis were commonest in young adult patients (10-29 years old) and rare above the age of 50 years; NHL was the predominant cause of lymph node enlargement above 50 years. Conclusions: Lymph node biopsy plays an important role in establishing the cause of lymphadenopathy. Among the biopsied nodes, lymphomas were the most common (44.3%) followed by non-specific reactive hyperplasia (23.5%) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (14.2%).

Keywords

References

  1. Ageep AK (2012). Assessment of adult peripheral lymphadenopathy in Red Sea State, Sudan. Int J Trop Dis Health, 2, 24-32.
  2. Ahmed HG, Elmubasher MB, Salih RA, et al (2013). Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of pediatric lymphadenopathy among Sudanese children. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 4359-63. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.7.4359
  3. Akhtar SS, Haque IU, Wafa SM, et al (2009). Malignant lymphoma in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia, reclassified according to the WHO classification. Saudi Med J, 30, 677-81.
  4. Al-Amri AM, Abdul-Rahman IS, Ghallab KQ (2010). Castleman's disease: a study of a rare lymphoproliferative disorder in a university hospital. Gulf J Oncolog, 7, 25-36.
  5. Al-Maghrabi J, Kanaan H (2005). Histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease) in Saudi Arabia: clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry. Ann Saudi Med, 25, 319-23.
  6. Al-Maghrabi JA, Sawan AS, Kanaan HD (2006). Hodgkin's lymphoma with exuberant granulomatous reaction. Saudi Med J, 27, 1905-7.
  7. Al-Otaibi F, El Hazmi MM (2010). Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia. Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 53, 227-31. https://doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.64327
  8. Al-Tawfiq JA, Raslan W (2012). The analysis of pathological findings for cervical lymph node biopsies in eastern Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health, 5, 140-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2011.11.006
  9. Asano S, Mori K, Yamazaki K, et al (2014). Necrotizing lymphadenitis (NEL) is a systemic disease characterized by blastic transformation of CD8+ cells and apoptosis of CD4+ cells. Virchows Arch, 464, 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-013-1516-z
  10. Baslaim MM, Al-Amoudi SA, Al-Ghamdi MA, Ashour AS, Al-Numani TS (2013). Case report: breast cancer associated with contralateral tuberculosis of axillary lymph nodes. World J Surg Oncol, 11, 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-11-43
  11. Bilal JA, Elshibly EM (2012). Etiology and clinical pattern of cervical lymphadenopathy in Sudanese children. Sudan J Paediatr, 12, 97-103.
  12. Biswas G, Das A, Haldar D, et al (2013). Clinico-pathological correlates of cervical lymphadenopathy: a hospital based study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 65, 42-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-011-0443-z
  13. Bukhari E, Alzahrani M, Alsubaie S, Alrabiaah A, Alzamil F (2012). Bacillus calmette-guerin lymphadenitis: a 6-year experience in two Saudi hospitals. Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 55, 202-5. https://doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.97869
  14. Burke C, Thomas R, Inglis C, et al (2011). Ultrasound-guided core biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma of the head and neck. a 9 year experience. Br J Radiol, 84, 727-32. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/60580076
  15. Chakrabarti S, Sarkar S, Goswami BK, et al (2010). Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in an indian rural medical institution: comparative clinicopathologic analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11, 1605-8.
  16. Deaver D, Naghashpour M, Sokol L (2014). Kikuchi-fujimoto disease in the Unites States: three case reports and review of the literature. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis, 6, 2014001.
  17. Elyamany G, Khan M, El Hag I, et al (2013). Generalized lymphadenopathy as the first presentation of granulocytic sarcoma: a diagnostic challenge. Case Rep Med, 2013, 483291.
  18. Etemad-Moghadam S, Tirgary F, Keshavarz S, Alaeddini M (2010). Head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a 20-year demographic study of 381 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 39, 869-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2010.03.029
  19. Fader T, Parks J, Khan NU, et al (2010). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Kabul, Afghanistan: a hospital-based retrospective review. Int J Infect Dis, 14, 102-10.
  20. Fatima S, Arshad S, Ahmed Z, Hassan SH (2011). Spectrum of cytological findings in patients with neck lymphadenopathy--experience in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 1873-5.
  21. Fazal-I-wahid, Habib-Ur-Rehman, Ahmad I (2013). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. J Pak Med Assoc, 63, 1094-7.
  22. Handa U, Mundi I, Mohan S (2012). Nodal tuberculosis revisited: a review. J Infect Dev Ctries, 6, 6-12.
  23. Jamal S, Atique M, Khadim MT (2014). Changing pattern of malignancies: analysis of histopathology based tumour registry data and comparison of three decades at armed forces institute of pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc, 64, 24-7.
  24. Khuzwayo ZB, Naidu TK (2014). Head and neck tuberculosis in kwazulu-natal, South Africa. J Laryngol Otol, 128, 86-90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215113003435
  25. Kochhar A, Duggal G, Singh K, Kochhar S (2012). Spectrum of cytological findings in patients with lymphadenopathy in rural population of Southern Haryana, India - Experience in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Pathol, 13, 2.
  26. Lad M, Sharma A, Patten DK (2014). A surprising diagnosis: metastatic prostate cancer causing cervical lymphadenopathy. BMJ Case Rep, pii: bcr2013201630.
  27. Lal A, Bhurgri Y, Vaziri I, et al (2008). Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas--a retrospective review of clinico-pathologic features and outcomes in comparison with nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 453-8.
  28. Muluye D, Biadgo B, Woldegerima E, Ambachew A (2013). Prevalence of tuberculous lymphadenitis in gondar university hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 13, 435. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-435
  29. Nagi AH, Al-Menawy LA, Samiullah, Naveed IA, Sami W (2008). A comparison of histological appearances of Hodgkin's disease in Pakistani and Saudi patients. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 20, 66-9.
  30. Naseem SS, Nagi AH, Ashraf M, et al (2011). A pattern of lymphadenopathies seen in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Turk J Med Sci, 41, 353-8.
  31. Naz E, Mirza T, Danish F (2011). Clinicopathologic evaluation of subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 3335-9.
  32. Olu-Eddo AN, Ohanaka CE (2006). Peripheral lymphadenopathy in Nigerian adults. J Pak Med Assoc, 56, 405-8.
  33. Qadri SK, Hamdani NH, Shah P, Lone MI, Baba KM (2012). Metastatic lymphadenopathy in Kashmir valley: a clinicopathological study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 419-22. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.1.419
  34. Rajasekaran K, Krakovitz P (2013). Enlarged Neck Lymph Nodes in Children. Pediatr Clin N Am, 60, 923-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2013.04.005
  35. Reddy RC, Mathew M, Parameswaran A, Narasimhan R (2014). A case of concomitant Hodgkin's lymphoma with tuberculosis. Lung India, 31, 59-62. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.125985
  36. Roy A, Kar R, Basu D, Badhe BA (2013). Spectrum of histopathologic diagnosis of lymph node biopsies: a descriptive study from a tertiary care center in South India over 5 1/2 years. Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 56, 103-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.118692
  37. Siddiqui N, Ayub B, Badar F, Zaidi A (2006). Hodgkin's lymphoma in Pakistan: a clinico-epidemiological study of 658 cases at a cancer center in Lahore. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 7, 651-5.
  38. Supari D, Ananthamurthy A (2014). Kikuchi-fujimoto disease: a study of 24 cases. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 66, 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-013-0672-4
  39. Tatar D, Senol G, Alptekin S, Gunes E (2011). Assessment of lymph node tuberculosis in two provinces in Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis, 64, 316-21.
  40. Taweevisit M, Chirakalwasan N, Pumsuk U, Keelawat S, Shuangshoti S (2008). Metastatic adenocarcinoma to the cervical lymph node: a significant proportion of cholangiocarcinoma in Thai patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 39-41.
  41. Yaqo RT, Hughson MD, Sulayvani FK, Al-Allawi NA (2011). Malignant lymphoma in northern Iraq: a retrospective analysis of 270 cases according to the world health organization classification. Indian J Cancer, 48, 446-51. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.92276

Cited by

  1. Signs, Symptoms and Complications of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma According to Grade and Stage in South Iran vol.16, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.8.3551
  2. Histological Surprises in Benign Cytologies after Lymph Node Biopsy—Surgeon’s Knife Improving Patient Care vol.8, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-016-0577-2
  3. Histological Examination in Obtaining a Diagnosis in Patients with Lymphadenopathy in Lima, Peru vol.97, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0961