Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental and numerical investigation of uplift behavior of umbrella-shaped ground anchor

  • Zhu, Hong-Hu (School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University) ;
  • Mei, Guo-Xiong (College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University) ;
  • Xu, Min (College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University) ;
  • Liu, Yi (College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University) ;
  • Yin, Jian-Hua (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University)
  • Received : 2013.08.08
  • Accepted : 2014.04.12
  • Published : 2014.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the past decade, different types of underreamed ground anchors have been developed for substructures requiring uplift resistance. This article introduces a new type of umbrella-shaped anchor. The uplift behavior of this ground anchor in clay is studied through a series of laboratory and field uplift tests. The test results show that the umbrella-shaped anchor has higher uplift capacity than conventional anchors. The failure mode of the umbrella-shaped anchor in a large embedment depth can be characterized by an arc failure surface and the dimension of the plastic zone depends on the anchor diameter. The anchor diameter and embedment depth have significant influence on the uplift behavior. A finite element model is established to simulate the pullout of the ground anchor. A parametric study using this model is conducted to study the effects of the elastic modulus, cohesion, and friction angle of soils on the load-displacement relationship of the ground anchor. It is found that the larger the elastic modulus and the shear strength parameters, the higher the uplift capacity of the ground anchor. It is suggested that in engineering design, the soil with stiffer modulus and higher shear strength should be selected as the bearing stratum of this type of anchor.

Keywords

References

  1. ABAQUS, Inc. (2004), ABAQUS Analysis User's Manual, Version 6.4, Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
  2. Bhattacharya, P. and Kumar, J. (2013), "Horizontal pullout capacity of a group of two vertical plate anchors in clay", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 5(4), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.4.299
  3. Consoli, N.C., Ruver, C.A. and Schnaid, F. (2013), "Uplift performance of anchor plates embedded in cement-stabilized backfill", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. - ASCE, 139(3), 511-517. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000785
  4. Ghaly, A. and Hanna, A. (1994), "Ultimate pullout resistance of single vertical anchors", Can. Geotech. J., 31(5), 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1139/t94-078
  5. Hong, C.Y., Yin, J.H., Zhou, W.H. and Pei, H.F. (2012), "Analytical study on progressive pullout behavior of a soil nail", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. - ASCE, 138(4), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000610
  6. Hong, C.Y., Yin, J.H. and Pei, H.F. (2013a), "Comparative study on the pullout behaviour of pressure grouted soil nails from field and laboratory tests", J. Cent. South Univ., 20(8), 2285-2292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-013-1735-0
  7. Hong, C.Y., Yin, J.H., Pei, H.F. and Zhou, W.H. (2013b), "Experimental study on the pullout resistance of pressure grouted soil nails in the field", Can. Geotech. J., 50(7), 693-704. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0103
  8. Huang, F., Yang, X.L. and Huang, K. (2011), "Upper bound solution of ultimate pullout capacity of strip plate anchor subjected to pore pressure based on Hoek-Brown failure criterion", Adv. Mater. Res., 255-260, 146-150. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.255-260.146
  9. Hsu, S.T. and Liao, H.J. (1998), "Uplift behavior of cylindrical anchors in sand", Can. Geotech. J., 34(1), 70-80.
  10. Ilamparuthi, K., Dickin, E.A. and Muthukrisnaiah, K. (2002), "Experimental investigation of the uplift behaviour of circular plate anchors embedded in sand", Can. Geotech. J., 39(3), 648-664. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-005
  11. Kame, G.S., Dewaikar, D.M. and Choudhury, D. (2012), "Pullout capacity of vertical plate anchors in cohesion-less soil", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 4(2), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2012.4.2.105
  12. Liao, H.J. and Hsu, S.T. (2003), "Uplift behavior of blade-underreamed anchors in silty sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. - ASCE, 129(6), 79-95.
  13. Liu, H., Wang, C. and Zhao, Y. (2013), "Analytical study of the failure mode and pullout capacity of suction anchors in clay", Ocean Syst. Eng., Int. J., 3(2), 187-194.
  14. Liu, Y., Mei, G.X., Song, L.H. and Zai, J.M. (2009), "Manufacture and experimental study of a new type umbrella-shaped anti-float anchor", Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 28(1), 2935-2940. [In Chinese]
  15. Matsuo, M. (1967), "Study of uplift resistance of footings: I", Soils Found., 7(4), 1-37.
  16. Matsuo, M. (1968), "Study of uplift resistance of footings: II", Soils Found., 8(1), 18-48. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1960.8.18
  17. Merfield, R.S., Lyamin, A.V., Sloan, S.W. and Yu, H.S. (2003), "Three-dimensional lower bound solutions for stability of plate anchors in clay", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. - ASCE, 129(3), 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:3(243)
  18. Murray, E.J. and Geddes, J.D. (1987), "Uplift behaviour of anchor plates in sand", J. Geotech. Eng. - ASCE, 113(3), 202-215. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1987)113:3(202)
  19. Niroumand, H. and Kassim, K.A. (2013), "A review on uplift response of symmetrical anchor plates embedded in reinforced sand", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 5(3), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.3.187
  20. Rowe, R.K. and Davis, E.H. (1982a), "The behavior of anchor plates in clay", Geotechnique, 32(1), 9-23. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1982.32.1.9
  21. Rowe, R.K. and Davis, E.H. (1982b), "The behavior of anchor plates in sand", Geotechnique, 32(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1982.32.1.25
  22. Singh, S.P. and Ramaswamy, S.V. (2008), "Effect of shape on holding capacity of plate anchors buried in soft soil", Geomech. Geoeng., 3(2), 157-166.
  23. Xu, M., Song, L.H., Zhou, F., Mei, G.X. and Zai, J.M. (2009), "In-situ test and numerical simulation of the umbrella-shaped uplift anchor", Rock Soil Mech., 30(S), 24-28. [In Chinese]
  24. Yin, J.H. and Zhou, W.H. (2009), "Influence of grouting pressure and overburden stress on the interface resistance of a soil nail", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. - ASCE, 135(9), 1198-1208. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000045
  25. Zhang, J.H. (2006), "Study on effect of umbrella-shaped self-expanding anchor after its application", Rock Soil Mech., 27(5), 842-845. [In Chinese]
  26. Zhang, C.C., Xu, Q, Zhu, H.H., Shi, B. and Yin, J.H. (2014), "Evaluations of load-deformation behavior of soil nail using hyperbolic pullout model", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 6(3), 277-292. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.3.277
  27. Zhou, W.H. and Yin, J.H. (2008), "A simple mathematical model for soil nail and soil interaction analysis", Comput. Geotech., 35(3), 479-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.07.001
  28. Zhou, W.H., Yin, J.H. and Hong, C.Y. (2011), "Finite element modelling of pullout testing on a soil nail in a pullout box under different overburden and grouting pressures", Can. Geotech. J., 48(4), 557-567. https://doi.org/10.1139/t10-086
  29. Zhou, W.H., Yuen, K.V. and Tan, F. (2013), "Estimation of maximum pullout shear stress of grouted soil nails using Bayesian probabilistic approach", Int. J. Geomech. - ASCE, 13(5), 659-664. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000259
  30. Zhu, H.H., Yin, J.H., Yeung, A.T. and Jin, W. (2011), "Field pullout testing and performance evaluation of GFRP soil nails", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. - ASCE, 137(7), 633-641. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000457

Cited by

  1. Experimental study on pullout performance of sensing optical fibers in compacted sand vol.73, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.05.027
  2. Uplift Resistance of Strip Anchors in Cohesive Frictional Mediums of Limited Tensile Strength vol.17, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000901
  3. Numerical modeling of uplift resistance of buried pipelines in sand, reinforced with geogrid and innovative grid-anchor system vol.9, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.9.6.757
  4. Model studies of uplift capacity behavior of square plate anchors in geogrid-reinforced sand vol.8, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.4.595
  5. Experimental Study of an Inflatable Recyclable Anchor vol.2018, pp.1687-8442, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6940531
  6. Mechanical Effect Analysis and Comparative Site Tests on Surrounding Rock with Different Bolt Anchoring Lengths and Pre-tightening Forces pp.1573-1529, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0678-5
  7. Model Test Research on Bearing Mechanism of Underreamed Ground Anchor in Sand vol.2018, pp.1563-5147, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9746438
  8. Model test and numerical simulation on the bearing mechanism of tunnel-type anchorage vol.12, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.1.139
  9. Catastrophe analysis of active-passive mechanisms for shallow tunnels with settlement vol.15, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.1.621
  10. Development of umbrella anchor approach in terms of the requirements of field application vol.18, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.18.3.277
  11. Prediction of Pullout Behavior of Belled Piles through Various Machine Learning Modelling Techniques vol.19, pp.17, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173678