Journal of Embryo Transfer (한국수정란이식학회지)

The Korean Society of Embryo Transfer (한국수정란이식학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Physical Properties of Estrus Mucus in Relation to Conception Rates in Dairy Cattle

  • Lim, Hyun-Joo (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Son, Jun-Kyu (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Yoon, Ho-Beak (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Baek, Kwang-Soo (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Il (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jung, Yeon-Sub (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kwon, Eung-Gi (Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2014.04.30
  • Accepted : 2014.06.16
  • Published : 2014.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The study aimed to determine the physical characteristics of estrus mucus and conception rates in dairy cattle. Samples of estrus mucus from the cervix were collected from 108 dairy cattle during heat and were examined for color and consistency. Samples were taken from bred animals at starting from day of breeding to the completion of one estrus cycle. The color of the cervical mucus was studied based on its transparency while the consistency was based on the thinness and thickness of the cervical mucus. The dairy cattle were bred and the pregnancy diagnosis was performed at the $60^{th}$ day post breeding. Findings showed that the estrus mucus of the dairy cattle was transparent in 58.3%, turbid in 31.5% and dirty in 10.2%. It was further observed that the mucus consistency of the dairy cattle was thin in 74.1% and thick in 25.9%. In the pregnant group, 67.3% mucus samples were found transparent, turbid in 23.6% and dirty in 9.1%. However, the corresponding figures for the non-pregnant group had 49.1%, 39.6% and 11.3%. The consistency of cervical mucus was found to be thin in 74.1% and thick in 25.9% of dairy cattle. The conception rates of dairy cattle with thin and thick consistency of cervical mucus were 81.8% and 18.2%, respectively. Pregnant was associated with consistency of cervical mucus (p<0.10). Findings indicated that dairy cattle with thin consistency of cervical mucus and had clear discharge were pregnant cows.

Keywords

References

  1. Bishop MWH. 1964. Paternal contribution to embryonic death. J. Reprod. Fertil. 30: 383-396.
  2. Carlstedt I and Sheehan JK. 1989. Structure and macromolecular properties of cervical mucus glycoproeitns. In: Chantler E, Ratcliffe NA, eds. Mucus and Related Topics. Society for Experimental Biology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Pr. 289-316.
  3. Dunson DB, Baird DD, Wilcox AJ and Weinberg CR. 1999. Day-specific probabilities of clinical pregnancy based on two studies with imperfect measures of ovulation. Hum. Reprod. 14(7): 1835-1839.
  4. El-Banna AA and Hafez ESE. 1978. The uterine cervix in mammals. AM. J. Obst. Gynecol. 112: 145-164.
  5. Elthohamy MM, Zakaria AD and Taha NA. 1990. Changes in the contents of buffalo cervical mucus during different phases of oestrus cycle. Anim. Repro. 22: 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(90)90060-S
  6. Enkhia KI and Kohli IS. 1982. Note on physical properties of cervico-vaginal mucus during oestrous. J. Anim. Sci. 52: 1239-1240.
  7. Gebhard FB and Schumacher MD. 1970. Biochemistry of cervical mucous. Fertil. Steril., 21(10): 967.
  8. Hafez ESE and Kanagawa H. 1972. Scanning electron microscopy of cervix uteri of cattle. Am. J. Vet Res. 33: 2469-2474.
  9. Hilqers TW and Prebil AM. 1979. The ovulation method-vulvar observations as an index of fertility/infertility. Obstet. Gynecol. 53(1): 12-22.
  10. Jeong GY, Park SJ, Kim NH, Baek KS, Jeon BS, Lim HJ, Her TY, Ki KS, Lee GS, Kang SY, Lee HJ, Chang WK and Kim HS. 2010. Factors effecting on artificial insemination in multiparturition cattle. J. Emb. Trans. 25(3): 155-159.
  11. Loeffler, SH, de Vries MJ, Schukken YH, de Zeeuw AC, Dijkhuizen AA, de Graaf FM and Brand A. 1999. Use of technician scores for body condition, uterine tone and uterine discharge in a model with disease and milk production parameters to predict pregnancy risk at first AI in Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology 52: 1267-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00215-0
  12. Lopez-Gatius F, Miro J, Sebastian I, Ibarz A and Labernia J. 1993. Rheological properties of the anterior vaginal fluid from the super ovulated dairy heifers at estrus. Theriogenology 40: 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(93)90350-E
  13. Mahmoudzadeh AR, Tarahomi M and Fotoohi H. 2001. Effect of abnormal vagianl discharge at oestrus on conception rate after artificial insemination in cows. Anim. Sci. 72: 535-538. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800052061
  14. Marinov U and Lovell JE. 1967. Secretory and ciliated cells of the bovine cervix. Am. J. Vet. Res. 28:1763-1772.
  15. Matner PE. 1973. The cervix and its secretions in relation to fertility in ruminants. In: The Biology of the Cervix (Ed. R. J. Blandau and K. Moghissi). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London pp. 339-350.
  16. Nebel RL and Jobst SM. 1998. Evaluation of systemtic breeding programs for lactating dairy cows: a review. J. Dairy Sci. 81: 1169-1174. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75679-6
  17. Noonan JJ, Schultze AB and Elligton EF. 1995. Changes in the bovine cervical and vaginal mucus during oestrus cycle and early pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 41: 1084-1089.
  18. Odebald E. 1968. The functional structure of human cervical mucous. Acta Obestetrics and Gynaecology, Scandinavia.
  19. Pandey SK, Pandit PK and Chaudhry RA. 1983. Repeat breeding cows in relation to physical characteristic of cervical mucus, fertility and treatment. Indian Vet. J. 60: 946-947.
  20. Sharma VK and Tripathi SS. 1987. Physio-chemical properties of cervical mucus in relation to conception in normal and repeat breeding cross bred cows. Ind. J. Anim. Repro. 8: 43-45.
  21. Sukhdeo and Roy DJ. 1971. Investigations on repeat breeding cows and buffaloes-studies on physical properties of cervical mucus. Indian. Vet. J. 48: 479-484.
  22. Tsiligianni p, Karagiannidis A, Brikas P and Saratsis PH. 2000. Relationship between certain physical properties of cervical mucus and fertility in cows. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 106:28-31.
  23. Tsiligianni p, Karagiannidis A, Brikas P and Saratsis PH. 2001. Physical properties of bovine cervical mucus during normal and induced by progesterone and/or PG$F_{2a}$lpha estrus. Theriogenology 55: 629-640. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00431-9
  24. Vadodria VP and Prabhu GA. 1990. Volume and pH of oestrual cervical mucous congenial for conception im Mehsani buffaloes and heifers. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 60(4): 406-410.
  25. Vigil P, Cortes ME, Zuniga A, Riquelme J and Ceric F. 2009. Scanning electron and light microscopy study of the cervical mucus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J. Electr. Microsc. 58: 21-27.