Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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The anti-inflammatory effect of Indonesian Areca catechu leaf extract in vitro and in vivo

  • Lee, Kang Pa (Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Konkuk University) ;
  • Sudjarwo, Giftania Wardani (Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Su (Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Konkuk University) ;
  • Dirgantara, Septrianto (Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University) ;
  • Maeng, Won Jai (College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hong, Heeok (Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Konkuk University)
  • Received : 2014.01.07
  • Accepted : 2014.03.04
  • Published : 2014.06.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme can cause inflammation. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is also involved in the inflammatory response through regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B $NF-{\kappa}B$(). Areca catechu is one of the known fruit plants of the Palmaceae family. It has been used for a long time as a source of herbal medicine in Indonesia. In this study, we explored the effect of Indonesian Areca catechu leaf ethanol extract (ACE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and carrageenan-induced paw edema models. Recently, this natural extract has been in the spotlight because of its efficacy and limited or no toxic side effects. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory effect remains to be elucidated. MATERIALS/METHODS: We measured NO production by using the Griess reagent, and determined the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, such as iNOS, COX2, and $NF-{\kappa}B$, by western blot. To confirm the effect of ACE in vivo, we used the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. RESULTS: Compared to untreated cells, LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with ACE showed reduced NO generation and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression. We found that the acute inflammatory response was significantly reduced by ACE in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that ACE can inhibit inflammation and modulate NO generation via downregulation of iNOS levels and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling in vitro and in vivo. ACE may have a potential medical benefit as an anti-inflammation agent.

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References

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