Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

  • 제15권5호
  • /
  • Pages.2069-2074
  • /
  • 2014
  • /
  • 1513-7368(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2476-762X(eISSN)
아시아태평양암예방학회 (Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Population-Based Cervical Screening Outcomes in Turkey over a Period of Approximately Nine and a Half Years with Emphasis on Results for Women Aged 30-34

  • Sengul, Demet (Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giresun) ;
  • Altinay, Serdar (Department of Pathology, Dr. A. Ilhan Ozdemir State Hospital) ;
  • Oksuz, Hulya (Department of Pathology, Dr. A. Ilhan Ozdemir State Hospital) ;
  • Demirturk, Hanife (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Giresun Woman's Delivery and Pediatric Diseases Hospital) ;
  • Korkmazer, Engin (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giresun)
  • 발행 : 2014.03.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Purpose: To appraise the frequency of cervical cytological abnormalities in a population at normal risk via analysing the archive records of cytology for the period of approximately 9,5 years, comparing them with patient demographic charecteristics, and discuss the results for women under age of 35. Materials and Methods: A total of 32,578 cases of Pap smears were retrieved and analysed from our archive included the Pap tests performed between January 2001 and April 2010 at the Early Cancer Screening, Diagnosing and Education Center by the consent of three pathologists via utilizing the Bethesda System Criteria 2001 and the results were compared with some demographical characteristics. Results: Our rate of the cervical cytological abnormality was 1.83%, with ASCUS in 1.18%, LSIL in 0.39, HSIL in 0.16%, AGUS in 0.07%, squamous cell carcinoma in 0.02%, and adenoarcinoma in 0.006%. Cytological abnormalities were detected mostly in those with higher age, lower parity, and premenopausal period whereas the smoking status was without influence. Bacterial vaginosis (5.6%) was the most frequent infectious finding (Candida albicans 2.7%; Actinomyces sp. 1.3%; and Trichomonas vaginalis 0.2%) detected on the smears. The rate of abnormal cervical cytology was 9.5% among the women aged between 30-34. Conclusions: Early detection of the cervical abnormalities by means of the regular cervical cancer screening programmes is useful to attenuate the incidence, mortality, and morbidity of cervical cancer. Our prevalence of the cytological abnormalities was much lower than the one in Western populations in general but very similar to those reported from other Islamic countries that may be explained by the conservative lifestyle and the lower prevalence of HPV in Turkey. A remarkable rate of abnormal cervical cytology of women aged 30-34 was pointed out in the present study.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Abdul Rashid RM, Dahlui M, Mohamed M, Gertig D (2013). Adapting the Australian system: is an organised screening program feasible in Malaysia? An overview of the cervical cancer screening in both countries. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 2141-6 https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.3.2141
  2. Abed Z, O'Leary M, Hand K, et al (2006). Cervical screening history in patients with early stage carcinoma of the cervix. Ir Med J, 99, 140.
  3. Aklimunnessa K, Mori M, Khan MM, et al (2006). Effectiveness of cervical cancer screening over cervical cancer mortality among Japanese women. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 36, 511. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyl060
  4. Altaf FJ (2006). Cervical cancer screening with pattern of pap smear. Review of multicenter studies. Saudi Med J, 27, 1498-502.
  5. Andrae B, Andersson TM, Lambert PC, et al (2012) Screening and cervical cancer cure: population based cohort study. BMJ, 344, 900. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e900
  6. Arabaci Z, Ozsoy S (2012). The pap-smear test experience of women in Turkey: a qualitative study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 5687-90. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.11.5687
  7. Baseman JG, Koutsky LA (2005). The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections. J Clin Virol, 32, 16-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2004.12.008
  8. Bruni L, Diaz M, Castellsague X, et al (2010). Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in 5 continents: meta-analysis of 1 million women with normal cytological findings. J Infect Dis, 202, 1789-99. https://doi.org/10.1086/657321
  9. Castle PE, Fetterman B, Poitras N, et al (2010). Relationship of atypical glandular cell cytology, age, and human papillomavirus detection to cervical and endometrial cancer risks. Obstet Gynecol, 115, 243. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c799a3
  10. Control of cancer of the cervix uteri (1986). A WHO meeting. Bull World Health Organ, 64, 607-18.
  11. Davey DD, Neal MH, Wilbur DC, et al (2004). Bethesda 2001 implementation and reporting rates: 2003 practices of participants in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 128, 1224-9.
  12. Davey DD, Woodhouse S, Styer P, Stastny J, Mody D (2000). Atypical epithelial cells and specimen adequacy: current laboratory practices of participants in the college of American pathologists interlaboratory comparison program in cervicovaginal cytology. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 124, 203-11.
  13. de Sanjose S, Almirall R, Lloveras B, et al (2003). Cervical human papillomavirus infection in the female population in Barcelona, Spain. Sex Transm Dis, 30, 788-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.OLQ.0000080177.82204.E0
  14. Demirtas B (2013). Review of strategies in promoting attendance for cervical screening. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 3263-7. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.5.3263
  15. Duggan MA, Khalil M, Brasher PM, Nation JG (2006). Comparative study of the ThinPrep Pap test and conventional cytology results in a Canadian cohort. Cytopathology, 17, 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2303.2006.00340.x
  16. el-All HS, Refaat A, Dandash K (2007). Prevalence of cervical neoplastic lesions and Human Papilloma Virus infection in Egypt: National Cervical Cancer Screening Project. Infect Agent Cancer, 2, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-9378-2-12
  17. Feichter G, Meisels A (2002). Task force consensus report on HPV-related changes of the lower female genital tract. Acta Cytol, 46, 630-2. https://doi.org/10.1159/000326966
  18. Forman D, Stockton D, Moller H, et al (2003). Cancer prevalence in the UK: results from the EUROPREVAL study. Ann Oncol, 14, 648-54. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdg169
  19. Gillet E, Meys JF, Verstraelen H, et al (2012). Association between bacterial vaginosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 7, 45201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045201
  20. International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer (2007). Comparison of risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 8,097 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 1,374 women with adenocarcinoma from 12 epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer, 120, 885-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22357
  21. Jahic M, Mulavdic M, Hadzimehmedovic A, Jahic E (2013). Association between aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis and squamous intraepithelial lesion of low grade. Med Arh, 67, 94-6. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2013.67.94-96
  22. Jamal A, Al-Maghrabi JA (2003). Profile of Pap smear cytology in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J, 24, 225-9.
  23. Kahn JA (2009). HPV vaccination for the prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. N Engl J Med, 361, 271. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMct0806938
  24. Karabulutlu O (2013). Evaluation of the pap smear test status of Turkish women and related factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 981-6. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.2.981
  25. Kroupis C, Thomopoulou G, Papathomas TG, Vourlidis N, Lazaris AC (2007). Population-based study of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia in Athens, Greece. Epidemiol Infect, 135, 943-50. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026880700876X
  26. Kulig B, Lukaszek S, Brucka A, et al (2006). [Comparative analysis of abnormal Pap smear and the results of histopathological examination of specimens from the cervix of the programme in-depth diagnosis cervical cancer conducted at the of Operational Gynecology Department ICZMP in Lodz]. Ginekol Pol, 81, 828-33.
  27. Li N, Franceschi S, Howell-Jones R, Snijders PJ, Clifford GM (2011). Human papillomavirus type distribution in 30,848 invasive cervical cancers worldwide: Variation by geographical region, histological type and year of publication. Int J Cancer, 128, 927. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25396
  28. Mak R, Van Renterghem L, Cuvelier C (2004). Cervical smears and human papillomavirus typing in sex workers. Sex Transm Infect, 80, 118-20. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2002.003749
  29. Marques JP, Costa LB, Pinto AP, et al (2011). Atypical glandular cells and cervical cancer: systematic review. Rev Assoc Med Bras, 57, 234.
  30. Moosa NY, Khattak N, Alam MI, et al (2014). Comparison of cervical cell morphology using two different cytology techniques for early detection of pre-cancerous lesions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 975-81. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.2.975
  31. Nandini NM, Nandish SM, Pallavi P, et al (2012). Manual liquid based cytology in primary screening for cervical cancer--a cost effective preposition for scarce resource settings. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13, 3645-51. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.8.3645
  32. Nokiani FA, Akbari H, Rezaei M, Madani H, Ale Agha ME (2008). Cost effectiveness of pap smear in Kermanshah, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 9, 107-10.
  33. Nunez JT, Delgado M, Pino G, Giron H, Bolet B (2002). Prevalence of preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix in sexual workers. J Low Genit Tract Dis, 6, 76-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00128360-200204000-00002
  34. Nygard JF, Skare GB, Thoresen SO (2002). The cervical cancer screening programme in Norway, 1992-2000: changes in Pap smear coverage and incidence of cervical cancer. J Med Screen, 9, 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1136/jms.9.2.86
  35. Ozalp SS, Us T, Arslan E, Oge T, Kasifoglu N (2012). HPV DNA and Pap smear test results in cases with and without cervical pathology. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc, 13, 8-14.
  36. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P (2005). Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin, 55, 74-108. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74
  37. Pavic N (1984). Is there a local production of nitrosamines by the vaginal microflora in anaerobic vaginosis/trichomoniasis? Med Hypotheses, 15, 433-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(84)90159-2
  38. J, GilhamC, Fletcher O, Matthews FE (2004). The cervical cancer epidemic that screening has prevented in the UK. Lancet, 364, 246-9.
  39. Quinn M, Babb P, Jones J, Allen E (1999). Effect of screening on incidence of and mortality from cancer of cervix in England: evaluation based on routinely collected statistics. Br Med J, 318, 904-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7188.904
  40. Saslow D, Solomon D, Lawson HW, et al (2012). American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Am J Clin Pathol, 137, 516-42. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCPTGD94EVRSJCG
  41. Shlay JC, McGill WL, Masloboeva HA, Douglas JM Jr (1998). Pap smear screening in an urban STD clinic. Yield of screening and predictors of abnormalities. Sex Transm Dis, 25, 468-75. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199810000-00005
  42. Singh GK, Miller BA, Hankey BF, Edwards BK (2003). Area Socioeconomic Variations in U.S. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Stage, Treatment, and Survival, 1975-1999. NCI Cancer Surveillance Monograph Series, Number 4. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication No. 03-0000.
  43. Tachezy R, Smahelova J, Kaspirkova J, Salakova M (2013). Human papillomavirus type-specific prevalence in the cervical cancer screening population of Czech women. PLoS One, 8, 79156. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079156
  44. Taylor R, Morrell S, Mamoon H, Wain G, Ross J (2006). Decline in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in New South Wales in relation to control activities (Australia). Cancer Causes Control, 17, 299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0515-z
  45. The National Standarts for the Screening of Cervical Cancer in 2012.
  46. Tuncer M (2007). KETEM (Kanser Erken Teshis, Tarama ve Egitim Merkezi) El Kitabi (2007). In 'Serviks kanseri ulusal tarama standartlari', Ed Tuncer M, T. C. Saglik Bakanligi Kanserle Savas Daire Baskanligi, Ankara p 13.
  47. Tuncer M (2008). Cancer Control in Turkey. In 'National standards for breast and cervical cancer screening of women'. Ed Tuncer M. Onur Matbaacilik, Ankara, 513-26.
  48. Tuncer ZS, Basaran M, Ustacelebi S, Mocan-Kuzey G (2006). High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection determined by hybrid capture II assay in a Turkish University Hospital outpatient clinic. Gynecol Obstet Reprod Med, 12, 129-34.
  49. Turkish Cervical Cancer And Cervical Cytology Research Group (2009). Prevalence of cervical cytological abnormalities in Turkey. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 106, 206-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.04.003
  50. Waggoner SE, Darcy KM, Tian C, Lanciano R (2010). Smoking behavior in women with locally advanced cervical carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 202, 283
  51. Zeferino LC, Rabelo-Santos SH, Villa LL, et al (2011). Value of HPV-DNA test in women with cytological diagnosis of atypical glandular cells (AGC). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 159, 160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.05.023
  52. Zur Hausen H (1988). Papillomaviruses in human cancers. Mol Carcinog, 1, 147-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.2940010302

피인용 문헌

  1. Type-specific Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus by Cervical Cytology among Women in Brasov, Romania vol.15, pp.16, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.16.6887
  2. Awareness and Attitude Relating to the Human Papilloma Virus and its Vaccines Among Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialists in Turkey vol.15, pp.24, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.24.10723
  3. Cervical Cancer Screening in an Early Diagnosis and Screening Center in Mersin, Turkey vol.16, pp.16, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.16.6909
  4. Priority Setting for Improvement of Cervical Cancer Prevention in Iran vol.5, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2015.201
  5. Nurses, Healthy Women and Preventive Gynecological Examinations - Vlora City Scenario, Albania vol.17, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.1.311