Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Aspergillus cumulatus sp. nov., from Rice Straw and Air for Meju Fermentation

  • Kim, Dae-Ho (Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Hwa (Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kwon, Soon-Wo (Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Kyu (Tree Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Division of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Hong, Seung-Beom (Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2013.12.06
  • Accepted : 2014.01.23
  • Published : 2014.03.28
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Abstract

A new species named Aspergillus cumulatus sp. nov. is described in Aspergillus section Aspergillus (Eurotium state). The type strain (KACC $47316^T$) of this species was isolated from rice straw used in meju fermentations in Korea, and other strains were isolated from the air in a meju fermentation room. The species is characterized by growth at a wide range of water activities and the formation of aerial hyphae on malt extract 60% sucrose agar (ME60S) that resemble a cumulus cloud. Furthermore, A. cumulatus produces yellow ascomata containing small lenticular ascospores (5.1-5.7 ${\mu}m$) with a wide furrow, low equatorial crests, and tuberculate convex surface. The species is phylogenetically distinct from the other reported Aspergillus section Aspergillus species based on multilocus sequence typing using rDNA-ITS, ${\beta}$-tubulin, calmodulin, and RNA polymerase II genes.

Keywords

Taxonomy

Aspergillus cumulatus D.H. Kim & S.B. Hong, sp. nov. Fig. 1. In subgenus Aspergillus, section Aspergillus Mycobank MB807118 Etymology: L. part. cumulatus “heaped” or “piled” to describe the aerial hyphae that resemble cumulus clouds.

Colonies on ME20S grow rapidly, 43–59 mm in 7 days at 25℃. Yellow due to yellow cleistothecia, greyish green due to conidia and brownish orange on central part of colony due to brownish orange color hyphae. Growth on MEA restricted, 9-14 mm, centrally raised, yellow and greyish green. Colonies on DG18 spreading broadly, attaining a diameter of 49-68 mm in 7 days at 25℃, greyish green, yellow to brownish orange. Aerial hyphae and conidial heads developed. Cleistothecia are produced on whole parts except margin. Colonies on ME60S are similar with those of DG18, but produce abundant aerial hyphae that suggest cumulus clouds. No growth at 37℃ on ME20S and DG18.

Homothallic. Cleistothecia, abundantly produced in 7 days, yellow, globose to subglobose, 90-175 μm in diam. Asci, 8-spored, globose to subglobose, 11-14 μm diam., evanescent at maturity. Lenticular ascospores, 5.1-5.7 μm with wide furrow, low equatorial crests, and rough convex surface on near crests (tuberculate). Conidial heads radiate. Stipe arising from aerial hyphae, smooth, 5-7 μm wide, length up to 100 μm. Vesicle globose, 10-20 μm diam. Aspergilli uniseriate, phialides ampuliform, covering entire area of vesicle. Conidia globose to ellipsoidal, often with hilum, often doliiform when young, 4.6-6.5 μm, rough.

Type strain: KACC 47316, isolated from rice straw in Anseong, Korea. The culture is permanently preserved in a metabolically inactive state (lyophilization and liquid nitrogen storage) in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection in Suwon, Korea. Molecular markers for the type stain are KF928297 for the BenA, KF928300 for the Cmd, KF928303 for the rDNA-ITS, and KF928294 for the Rpb2 genes.

Additional isolates studied: KACC 47513 and KACC 47514 (air of meju fermentation room; Icheon and Anseong in Korea, respectively).

References

  1. Hong SB, Kim DH, Lee MA, Baek SY, Kwon SW, Samson RA. 2011. Taxonomy of Eurotium species isolated from meju. J. Microbiol. 49: 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0376-y
  2. Hong SB, Lee M, Kim DH, Meijer M, Majoor E, Kuyk PA, Samson RA. 2012. Aspergillus cibarius sp. nov., from traditional meju in Korea. J. Microbiol. 49: 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0376-y
  3. Hubka V, Kola ik M, Kubátová A, Peterson SW. 2013. Taxonomic revision of Eurotium and transfer of species to Aspergillus. Mycologia 105: 912-937. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-151
  4. Kim DH. 2013. Studies on Mycobiota of Traditional Korean Meju. Ph.D. Dissertation, Gangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
  5. Kim DH, Kim SH, Kwon SW, Lee JK, Hong SB. 2013. Fungal diversity of rice straw for meju fermentation. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. [In press.]
  6. Peterson SW. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of Aspergillus species using DNA sequences from four loci. Mycologia 100: 205-226. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.100.2.205
  7. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28: 2731-2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121

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