Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Association of Oral Contraceptives Use and Lung Cancer Risk among Women: an Updated Meta-analysis Based on Cohort and Case-control Studies

  • Wu, Wei (Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University) ;
  • Yin, Zhi-Hua (Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University) ;
  • Guan, Peng (Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University) ;
  • Ren, Yang-Wu (Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University) ;
  • Zhou, Bao-Sen (Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University)
  • Published : 2014.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Previous studies on the association of oral contraceptives (OC) use and lung cancer generated inconsistent findings. The aim of this study was to confirm any definite correlation between OC use and lung cancer risk. Methods: Publications were reviewed and obtained through PubMed and EMBASE databases literature search up to November, 2013. Reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed. The language of publication was restricted to English. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association by calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 14 studies consisting of 9 case-control studies and 5 cohort studies were finally included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant association observed between OC use and lung cancer risk in the overall analysis (OR=0.91; 95% CI=0.81-1.03). There was a significant protective effect in Europe (OR=0.74; 95% CI=0.60-0.91) and a borderline significant protective effect with an adenocarcinoma histology (OR=0.90; 95% CI=0.80-1.01) in subgroup analyses. No association was observed for methodological quality of study, study design, smoking status and case number of study. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that OC use is not likely to be associated with the risk of lung cancer at all. While a significant protective effect of OC use on lung cancer was observed in Europe, interpretation should be cautious because of the potential biases of low-quality studies. At the same time, more attention should be paid to the possible association of OC use with adenocarcinoma of lung. Our findings require further research, with well-conducted and large-scale epidemiological studies to confirm effects of OC use on lung cancer.

Keywords

References

  1. Anothaisintawee T, Wiratkapun C, Lerdsitthichai P, et al (2013). Risk factors of breast cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Asia Pac J Public Health, 25, 368-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513488795
  2. Baik CS, Strauss GM, Speizer FE, Feskanich D (2010). Reproductive factors, hormone use, and risk for lung cancer in postmenopausal women, the Nurses' Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 19, 2525-33. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0450
  3. Bidgoli SA, Eftekhari T, Sadeghipour R (2011). Role of xenoestrogens and endogenous sources of estrogens on the occurrence of premenopausal breast cancer in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 2425-30.
  4. Brownson RC, Chang JC, Davis JR (1992). Gender and histologic type variations in smoking-related risk of lung cancer. Epidemiology, 3, 61-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199201000-00012
  5. Chen X, Cai L (2009). [Meta-analysis of the effects on hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives associated with female lung cancer risk]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 38, 672-6.
  6. Cochran WG (1950). The comparison of percentages in matched samples. Biometrika, 37, 256-66. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/37.3-4.256
  7. Cogliano V, Grosse Y, Baan R, et al (2005). Carcinogenicity of combined oestrogen-progestagen contraceptives and menopausal treatment. Lancet Oncol, 6, 552-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70273-4
  8. Delaunay F, Pettersson K, Tujague M, Gustafsson JA (2000). Functional differences between the amino-terminal domains of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Mol Pharmacol, 58, 584-90.
  9. DerSimonian R, Laird N (1986). Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials, 7, 177-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
  10. Dorjgochoo T, Shu XO, Li HL, et al (2009). Use of oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices and tubal sterilization and cancer risk in a large prospective study, from 1996 to 2006. Int J Cancer, 124, 2442-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24232
  11. Edwards BK, Brown ML, Wingo PA, et al (2005). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2002, featuring population-based trends in cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst, 97, 1407-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji289
  12. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315, 629-34. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
  13. Elliott AM, Hannaford PC (2006). Use of exogenous hormones by women and lung cancer: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Contraception, 73, 331-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2005.10.003
  14. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Balducci A, et al (2001). Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer, 84, 722-7. https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1622
  15. Higgins JP, Thompson SG (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med, 21, 1539-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186
  16. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al (2009). Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin, 59, 225-49. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20006
  17. Kabat GC, Miller AB, Rohan TE (2007). Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of lung cancer in women: a prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer, 120, 2214-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22543
  18. Kaiser U, Hofmann J, Schilli M, et al (1996). Steroid-hormone receptors in cell lines and tumor biopsies of human lung cancer. Int J Cancer, 67, 357-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19960729)67:3<357::AID-IJC9>3.0.CO;2-Q
  19. Kawai H, Ishii A, Washiya K, et al (2005). Estrogen receptor alpha and beta are prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 11, 5084-9. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0200
  20. Kreuzer M, Gerken M, Heinrich J, Kreienbrock L, Wichmann HE (2003). Hormonal factors and risk of lung cancer among women? Int J Epidemiol, 32, 263-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg064
  21. La Vecchia C, Altieri A, Franceschi S, Tavani A (2001). Oral contraceptives and cancer: An update. Drug Safety, 24, 741-54. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200124100-00003
  22. LeLorier J, Gregoire G, Benhaddad A, Lapierre J, Derderian F (1997). Discrepancies between meta-analyses and subsequent large randomized, controlled trials. N Engl J Med, 337, 536-42. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199708213370806
  23. Lo YL, Hsiao CF, Chang GC, et al (2013). Risk factors for primary lung cancer among never smokers by gender in a matched case-control study. Cancer Causes Control, 24, 567-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-9994-x
  24. Lodha RS, Nandeshwar S, Pal DK, et al (2011). Risk factors for breast cancer among women in Bhopal urban agglomerate: a case-control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 2111-5.
  25. Lubin JH, Blot WJ (1984). Assessment of lung cancer risk factors by histologic category. J Natl Cancer Inst, 73, 383-9.
  26. Meinhold CL, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Bowman ED, et al (2011). Reproductive and hormonal factors and the risk of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer, 128, 1404-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25434
  27. Omoto Y, Kobayashi Y, Nishida K, et al (2001). Expression, function, and clinical implications of the estrogen receptor beta in human lung cancers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 285, 340-7. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.5158
  28. Pesatori AC, Carugno M, Consonni D, et al (2013). Reproductive and hormonal factors and the risk of lung cancer: the EAGLE study. Int J Cancer, 132, 2630-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27926
  29. Pesatori AC, Carugno M, Consonni D, et al (2013). Hormone use and risk for lung cancer: a pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Br J Cancer, 109, 1954-64. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.506
  30. Qin J, Yang T, Kong F, Zhou Q (2013). Oral contraceptive use and uterine leiomyoma risk: a meta-analysis based on cohort and case-control studies. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 288, 139-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2797-9
  31. Risch HA, Howe GR, Jain M, et al (1993). Are female smokers at higher risk for lung cancer than male smokers? A case-control analysis by histologic type. Am J Epidemiol, 138, 281-93.
  32. Rosenblatt KA, Gao DL, Ray RM, et al (2009). Oral contraceptives and the risk of all cancers combined and site-specific cancers in Shanghai. Cancer Causes Control, 20, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-008-9213-y
  33. Schwartz AG, Prysak GM, Murphy V, et al (2005). Nuclear estrogen receptor beta in lung cancer: expression and survival differences by sex. Clin Cancer Res, 11, 7280-7. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0498
  34. Schwartz AG, Wenzlaff AS, Prysak GM, et al (2007). Reproductive factors, hormone use, estrogen receptor expression and risk of non small-cell lung cancer in women. J Clin Oncol, 25, 5785-92. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.13.3975
  35. Seow A, Koh WP, Wang R, Lee HP, Yu MC (2009). Reproductive variables, soy intake, and lung cancer risk among nonsmoking women in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 18, 821-7. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0892
  36. Siegfried JM (2001). Women and lung cancer: does oestrogen play a role? Lancet Oncol, 2, 506-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(01)00457-0
  37. Siegfried JM (2010). Early changes in pulmonary gene expression following tobacco exposure shed light on the role of estrogen metabolism in lung carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 3, 692-5. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0093
  38. Smith JS, Green J, Berrington de Gonzalez A, et al (2003). Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review. Lancet, 361, 1159-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12949-2
  39. Stuck AE, Rubenstein LZ, Wieland D (1998). Bias in metaanalysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Asymmetry detected in funnel plot was probably due to true heterogeneity. BMJ, 316, 469; author reply 70-1. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7129.469
  40. Taioli E, Wynder EL (1994). Re: Endocrine factors and adenocarcinoma of the lung in women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 86, 869-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.11.869
  41. Tehranian N, Shobeiri F, Pour FH, Hagizadeh E (2010). Risk factors for breast cancer in Iranian women aged less than 40 years. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11, 1723-5.
  42. Twombly R (2004). New studies fan controversy over gender risk in lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 96, 898-900. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/96.12.898
  43. Woolf B (1955). On estimating the relation between blood group and disease. Ann Hum Genet, 19, 251-3. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.x
  44. Wu-Williams AH, Dai XD, Blot W, et al (1990). Lung cancer among women in north-east China. Br J Cancer, 62, 982-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1990.421
  45. Wu AH, Yu MC, Thomas DC, Pike MC, Henderson BE (1988). Personal and family history of lung disease as risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the lung. Cancer Res, 48, 7279-84.
  46. Wu CT, Chang YL, Shih JY, Lee YC (2005). The significance of estrogen receptor beta in 301 surgically treated non-small cell lung cancers. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 130, 979-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.06.012
  47. Zang EA, Wynder EL (1996). Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: examination of the evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, 183-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.3-4.183

Cited by

  1. Geographic Distribution and Epidemiology of Lung Cancer During 2011 in Zhejiang Province of China vol.15, pp.13, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.13.5299
  2. Risk of Cancer with Combined Oral Contraceptive Use among Iranian Women vol.15, pp.14, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.14.5517
  3. Hormonal contraception and cancer vol.48, pp.9, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-015-3745-5