References
- Bader TR, Semelka RC, Chiu VC, Armao DM, Woosley JT (2001). MRI of carcinoid tumors: spectrum of appearances in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. J Magn Reson Imaging, 14, 261-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.1182
- Baek SH, Yoon JH, Kim KW (2013). Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor: gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Radiol, 2, 2-6.
- Chang S, Choi D, Lee SJ, et al (2007). Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract: classification, pathologic basis, and imaging features. Radiographics, 27, 1667-79 https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.276075001
- Hamanaka M, Nakahira S, Takeda Y, et al (2012). A case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bile duct. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 39, 2125-7.
- Huang YQ, Xu F, Yang JM, Huang B (2010). Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: clinical analysis of 11 cases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 9, 44-8.
- Kim JE, Lee WJ, Kim SH, et al (2011). Three-phase helical computed tomographic findings of hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: pathologic correlation with revised WHO classification. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 35, 697-702. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0b013e318231c6d8
- Krohn M, Grieser C, Weichert W, Pascher A, Denecke T (2011). Well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma mimicking an echinococcus cyst ofthe liver in CT-MRI findings with hepatocyte specific contrast material. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 20, 439-42.
- Li RK, Zhao J, Rao SX, et al (2013). Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: MR imaging findings including preliminary observation on diffusion-weighted imaging. Abdom Imaging, 38, 1269-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-013-0029-1
- Modlin IM, Oberg K, Chung DC, et al (2008). Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Lancet Oncol, 9, 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70410-2
- Park CH, Chung JW, Jang SJ, et al (2012). Clinical features and outcomes of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 27, 1306-11 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07117.x
- Pilichowska M, Kimura N, Ouchi A, et al (1999). Primary hepatic carcinoid and neuroendocrine carcinoma: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of five cases. Pathol Int, 49, 318-24. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00866.x
- Rufini V, Calcagni ML, Baum PR (2006). Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. Sem Nucl Med, 36, 228-47. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2006.03.007
- Schwartz G, Colanta A, Gaetz H, Olichney J, Attiyeh F (2008). Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver. World J Surg Oncol, 6, 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-6-91
- Solcia E, Kloppel G, Sobin LH (2000). WHO histologic typing of endocrine tumours. 2nd ed. Springer: Berlin.
- Tohyama T, Matsui K, Kitagawa K (2005). Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease: A case report of a patient on long-term follow-up. Intern Med, 44, 958-62. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.44.958
- Ulusan S, Kizilkilic O, Yildirim T, et al (2005). Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: dynamic CT findings. Abdom Imaging, 30, 281-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-004-0241-0
- Yalav O, Ulku A, Akcam TA, Demiryurek H, Doran F (2012). Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor: Five cases with different preoperative diagnoses. Turk J Gastroenterol, 23, 272-8.
- Yao JC, Hassan M, Phan A, et al (2008). One hundred years after "carcinoid": epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35, 825 cases in the United States. J Clin Oncol, 26, 3063-72. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.15.4377
- Zeng YJ, Liu L, Wu H, et al (2013). Clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: analysis from a single-institution. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 5775-81. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.10.5775
Cited by
- MR imaging of primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm and metastatic hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a comparative study vol.120, pp.11, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-015-0544-y
- Comparative Clinical Analysis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas with Liver Metastasis and Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas vol.2018, pp.1875-8630, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9191639