References
- Bigler C, Gricar J, Bugmann H, cufar K. 2004. Growth patterns as indicators of impending tree death in silver fir. For Ecol Manage 199: 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.04.019
- Cherubini P, Fontana G, Rigling D, Dobbertin M, Brang P, Innes JL. 2002. Tree-life history prior to death: two fungal root pathogens affect tree-ring growth differently. J Ecol 90: 839–850. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00715.x
- Diggle PJ. 1983. Statistical analysis of spatial point patterns. Academic Press, London.
- Fortin MJ, Dale MRT. 2005. Spatial analysis: a guide for ecologists. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Gurevitch J, Scheiner SM, Fox GA. 2006. The ecology of plants. 2nd ed. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
- Han Q, Kawasaki T, Katahata S, Mukai Y, Chiba Y. 2003. Horizontal and vertical variations in photosynthetic capacity in a Pinus densiflora crown in relation to leaf nitrogen allocation and acclimation to irradiance. Tree Physiol 23: 851-857. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/23.12.851
- Japan Meteorological Agency. 2001. Normals for the period 1971-2000. Jpn Meteorological Business Support Center, Tokyo.
- Kato J, Hayashi I. 2003. The determination and prediction of pine to oak forest succession in Sugadaira, Central Japan. Kor J Ecol 26: 155-163. https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2003.26.4.155
- Kenkel NC. 1988. Pattern of self-thinning in Jack Pine: testing the random mortality hypothesis. Ecology 69: 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941257
- Kenkel NC, Hendrie ML, Bella IE. 1997. A Long-term study of Pinus banksiana population dynamics. J Veg Sci 8: 241-254. https://doi.org/10.2307/3237353
- Kienast F, Kuhn N. 1989. Simulating forest succession along ecological gradients in southern Central Europe. Vegetatio 79: 7-20.
- Li F, Zhang L. 2007. Comparison of point pattern analysis methods for classifying the spatial distributions of spruce-fir stands in the north-east USA. Forestry 80: 337-349. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm010
- Luo Y, Chen HYH. 2011. Competition, species interaction and ageing control tree mortality in boreal forests. J Ecol 99: 1470–1480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01882.x
- Mithen R, Harper JL, Weiner J. 1984. Growth and mortality of individual plants as a function of "available area." Oecologia 62: 57-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377373
- Miyata I. 1989. Analysis of dispersion structure in Japanese red pine populations with reference to topography. Mem Fac Sci Shimane Univ 23: 89-98.
- Rolland C. 1993. Tree-ring and climate relationships for Abies alba in the internal Alps. Tree-Ring Bull 53: 1-11.
- Shimatani K. 2001. Point process approach to statistical analysis and modeling for tree distribution maps. Jpn J Ecol 51: 87-106. (in Japanese with English summary)
- Silvertown J, Charlesworth D. 2001. Introduction to Plant Population Biology. 4th ed. Wiley Blackwell, Oxford.