Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A drive-by inspection system via vehicle moving force identification

  • OBrien, E.J. (School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin) ;
  • McGetrick, P.J. (SPACE, David Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast) ;
  • Gonzalez, A. (School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University College Dublin)
  • Received : 2012.02.08
  • Accepted : 2013.08.22
  • Published : 2014.05.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents a novel method to carry out monitoring of transport infrastructure such as pavements and bridges through the analysis of vehicle accelerations. An algorithm is developed for the identification of dynamic vehicle-bridge interaction forces using the vehicle response. Moving force identification theory is applied to a vehicle model in order to identify these dynamic forces between the vehicle and the road and/or bridge. A coupled half-car vehicle-bridge interaction model is used in theoretical simulations to test the effectiveness of the approach in identifying the forces. The potential of the method to identify the global bending stiffness of the bridge and to predict the pavement roughness is presented. The method is tested for a range of bridge spans using theoretical simulations and the influences of road roughness and signal noise on the accuracy of the results are investigated.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : ASSET

References

  1. Adhikari, S. (2006), "Damping modelling using generalized proportional damping", J. Sound Vib., 293, 156-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2005.09.034
  2. Asmussen, J.C., Ibrahim, S.R. and Brincker, R. (1998), "Random decrement identification of structures subjected to ambient excitation", SEM Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference, February 1998.
  3. Au, F.T.K., Jiang, R.J. and Cheung, Y.K. (2004), "Parameter identification of vehicles moving on continuous bridges", J. Sound Vib., 269, 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00005-1
  4. Bathe, K.J. and Wilson, E.L. (1976), Numerical methods in finite element analysis, Prentice Hall.
  5. Busby, H.R. and Trujillo, D.M. (1997), "Optimal regularization of an inverse dynamics problem", Comput. Struct., 63(2), 243-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00340-9
  6. BS5400 (1990), Steel, concrete and composite bridges - Part 4: code of practice for design of concrete bridges.
  7. Carden, E.P. and Fanning, P. (2004), "Vibration based condition monitoring: a review", Struct. Health Monit., 3(4), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921704047500
  8. Cebon, D. (1987), "Assessment of the dynamic wheel forces generated by heavy road vehicles", Proceedings of the ARRB/FORS Symposium on Heavy vehicle suspension characteristics, Canberra, Australia.
  9. Cebon, D. (1999), Handbook of vehicle-road interaction, Swets and Zeitlinger Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands.
  10. Chan, T.H.T., Law, S.S. and Yung, T.H. (1999), "An interpretive method for moving force identification", J. Sound Vib., 219(3), 503-524. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1998.1904
  11. Chan, T.H.T. and Yung, T.H. (2000), "A theoretical study of force identification using prestressed concrete bridges", Eng. Struct., 23,1529-1537.
  12. Chang, G.K., Dick, J.C. and Rasmussen, R.O. (2006), ProVAL Users guide, The Transtec Group, Inc.
  13. Clough, R.W. and Penzien, J. (1993), Dynamics of structures, McGraw-Hill.
  14. Cole, D.J. and Cebon, D. (1992), "Spatial repeatability of dynamic tyre forces generated by heavy vehicles", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D, 206(1), 17-27.
  15. Cole, D.J., Collop, A.C., Potter, T.E.C. and Cebon, D. (1996), "Spatial repeatability of measured dynamic tyre forces", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D, 210(3),185-197.
  16. DAF Trucks Limited (2011), FA LF55 18t Specification sheet, DAF Trucks Limited.
  17. Davis, L. and Bunker, J. (2007), Heavy vehicle suspensions - testing and analysis, a literature review, Brisbane, Queensland: Queensland Department of Main Roads, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
  18. Deng, L. and Cai, C.S. (2010a), "Development of dynamic impact factor for performance evaluation of existing multi-girder concrete bridges", Eng. Struct., 32(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.08.013
  19. Deng, L. and Cai, C.S. (2010b), "Identification of dynamic vehicular axle loads: theory and simulations", J. Vib. Control, 16(14), 2167-2194. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546309351221
  20. Deng, L. and Cai, C.S. (2011), "Identification of dynamic vehicular axle loads: demonstration by a field study", J. Vib. Control, 17(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546309351222
  21. Dimarogonas, A.D. (1996), "Vibration of cracked structures-a state of the art review", Eng. Fract. Mech., 55(5), 831-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(94)00175-8
  22. DIVINE (1997), Dynamic interaction of heavy vehicles with roads and bridges, Technical report, OECD, Ottawa, Canada, DIVINE Concluding Conference.
  23. Friswell, M.I. and Mottershead, J.E. (1995),Finite element model updating in structural dynamics, Springer.
  24. Gillespie, T.D., Karamihas, S.M., Cebon, D., Sayers, M.W., Nasim, M.A., Hansen, W. and Ehsan, N. (1992), Effects of heavy vehicle characteristics on p response and performance, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, UMTRI-92-2.
  25. Gonzalez, A., OBrien, E.J., Li, Y.Y. and Cashell, K. (2008a), "The use of vehicle acceleration measurements to estimate road roughness", Vehicle. Syst. Dyn., 46(6),483-499. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423110701485050
  26. Gonzalez, A., Rowley, C. and OBrien, E.J. (2008b), "A general solution to the identification of moving vehicle forces on a bridge", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 75(3), 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.2262
  27. Gonzalez, A., OBrien, E.J. and McGetrick, P.J. (2010), "Detection of bridge dynamic parameters using an instrumented vehicle", Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Structural Control and Monitoring, Tokyo, Japan .
  28. Gonzalez, A. (2010), "Vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction using finite element modelling", (Ed. M. David), Finite Element Analysis, Sciyo, Croatia.
  29. Gonzalez, A., Cantero, D. and OBrien, E.J. (2011), "Dynamic increment for shear force due to heavy vehicles crossing a highway bridge", Comput. Struct., 89(23-24), 2261-2272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.08.009
  30. Gonzalez, A., OBrien, E.J. and McGetrick, P.J. (2012), "Identification of damping in a bridge using a moving instrumented vehicle", J. Sound Vib., 331(18), 4115-4131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2012.04.019
  31. Green, M.F. and Cebon, D. (1994), "Dynamic responses of highway bridges to heavy vehicle loads, theory and experimental validation", J. Sound Vib., 170(1), 51-78. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1994.1046
  32. Gutenbrunner, G., Savov, K. and Wenzel, H. (2007), "Sensitivity studies on damping estimation", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures (EVACES), Porto, Portugal.
  33. Hansen, P.C. (1992), "Analysis of discrete ill-posed problems by means of the L-curve", SIAM Rev., 34(4), 561-580. https://doi.org/10.1137/1034115
  34. Harris, N.K., OBrien, E.J. and Gonzalez, A. (2007), "Reduction of bridge dynamic amplification through adjustment of vehicle suspension damping", J. Sound Vib., 302(3), 471-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2006.11.020
  35. Harris, N.K., Gonzalez, A., OBrien, E.J. and McGetrick, P.J. (2010), "Characterisation of pavement profile heights using accelerometer readings and a combinatorial optimisation technique", J. Sound Vib., 329, 497-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2009.09.035
  36. Henchi, K., Fafard, M., Talbot, M. and Dhatt, G. (1998), "An efficient algorithm for dynamic analysis of bridges under moving vehicles using a coupled modal and physical components approach", J. Sound Vib., 212(4), 663-683. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1997.1459
  37. Ibrahim, S.R. (1977),"Random decrement technique for modal identification of structures", J. Spacecraft Rockets, 14(11), 696-700. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57251
  38. International Organization for Standardization ISO (1995), Mechanical vibration - road surface profiles - Reporting of measure data, ISO8608 (BS7853:1996).
  39. Jiang, R.J., Au, F.T.K. and Cheung, Y.K. (2004), "Identification of vehicles moving on continuous bridges with rough surface", J. Sound Vib., 274, 1045-1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00664-3
  40. Kim, C.W., Kawatani, M. and Kim, K.B. (2005), "Three-dimensional dynamic analysis for bridge-vehicle interaction with roadway roughness", Comput. Struct., 83,1627-1645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.12.004
  41. Kim, C.W. and Kawatani, M. (2009), "Challenge for a Drive-by Bridge Inspection", Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, ICOSSAR2009, Osaka, Japan.
  42. Kitching, J., Cole, D.J. and Cebon, D. (2000), "Theoretical investigation into the use of controllable suspensions to minimize road damage", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: J. Autom. Eng., 214, 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954407001527187
  43. Law, S.S., Chan, T.H.T. and Zeng, Q.H. (1997), "Moving force identification: a time domain method", J. Sound Vib., 201, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1996.0774
  44. Law, S.S. and Zhu, X.Q. (2000), "Study on different beam models on moving force identification", J. Sound Vib., 234(4), 661-679. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2000.2867
  45. Law, S.S. and Fang, Y.L. (2001), "Moving force identification: optimal state estimation approach", J. Sound Vib., 239(2), 233-254. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2000.3118
  46. Law, S.S., Chan, T.H.T., Zhu, X.Q. and Zeng, Q.H. (2001), "Regularization in moving force identification", J. Eng. Mech. - ASCE, 127(2), 136-148. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2001)127:2(136)
  47. Law, S.S., Bu, J.Q., Zhu, X.Q. and Chan, S.L. (2004), "Vehicle axle loads identification using finite element method", Eng. Struct., 26, 1143-1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.03.017
  48. Law, S.S., Bu, J.Q., Zhu, X.Q. and Chan, S.L. (2007), "Moving load identification on a simply supported orthotropic plate", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 49, 1262-1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2007.03.005
  49. Lee, K.J. and Yun, C.B. (2008), "Parameter identification for nonlinear behavior of RC bridge piers using sequential modified extended Kalman filter", Smart Struct. Syst., 4(3), 319-342. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2008.4.3.319
  50. Li, Y.Y. (2006), Factors affecting the dynamic interaction of bridges and vehicle loads, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland.
  51. Li, Y.Y., OBrien, E.J. and Gonzalez, A. (2006), "The development of a dynamic amplification estimator for bridges with good road profiles", J. Sound Vib., 293(1-2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2005.09.015
  52. Lin, C.W. and Yang, Y.B. (2005), "Use of a passing vehicle to scan the fundamental bridge frequencies: an experimental verification", Eng. Struct., 27, 1865-1878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.06.016
  53. Liu, T.Y., Chiang, W.L., Chen, C.W., Hsu, W.K., Lu, L.C. and Chu, T.J. (2011), "Identification and monitoring of bridge health from ambient vibration data", J. Vib. Control, 17(4), 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546309360049
  54. Lourens, E., Reynders, E., De Roeck, G., Degrande, G. and Lombaert, G. (2012), "An augmented Kalman filter for force identification in structural dynamics", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 27, 446-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.09.025
  55. MacGregor, J.G. and Wight J.K. (2006), Reinforced concrete: mechanics and design - 4th Edition in SI Units, Prentice Hall.
  56. MATLAB (2005), The Math Works, Inc., MATLAB, Version 7, USA. http://www.mathworks.com.
  57. McGetrick, P.J., Gonzalez, A. and OBrien, E.J. (2009), "Theoretical investigation of the use of a moving vehicle to identify bridge dynamic parameters", Insight, 51(8), 433-438. https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2009.51.8.433
  58. Nagayama, T., Sim, S.H., Miyamori, Y. and Spencer Jr, B.F. (2007), "Issues in structural health monitoring employing smart sensors", Smart Struct. Syst., 3(3), 299-320. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2007.3.3.299
  59. Nordstrom, L.J.L. (2006), "A dynamic programming algorithm for input estimation on linear time-variant systems", Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 195, 6407-6427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2006.01.002
  60. Oshima, Y., Yamaguchi, T., Kobayashi, Y. and Sugiura, K. (2008), "Eigen frequency estimation for bridges using the response of a passing vehicle with excitation system", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS2008, Seoul, Korea, 2008.
  61. Pinkaew, T. (2006), "Identification of vehicle axle loads from bridge responses using updated static component technique", Eng. Struct., 28,1599-1608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.02.012
  62. Pinkaew, T. and Asnachinda, P. (2007), "Experimental study on the identification of dynamic axle loads of moving vehicles from the bending moments of bridges", Eng. Struct., 29, 2282-2293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.11.017
  63. Qu, W.L., Wang, Y. and Pi, Y.L. (2011), "Multi-axle moving train loads identification on simply supported bridge by using simulated annealing genetic algorithm", Int. J.Struct. Stab. Dyn., 11(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455411003987
  64. Sayers, M.W. and Karamihas, S.M. (1996), Interpretation of road profile roughness data, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, UMTRI-96-19.
  65. Sayers, M.W. and Karamihas, S.M. (1998), The little book of profiling, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, UMTRI-96-19.
  66. Sohn, H., Farrar,C.R., Hemez, F.M., Shunk, D.D., Stinemates, D.W. and Nadler, B.R. (2003), A review of structural health monitoring literature: 1996-2001, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13976-MS, USA.
  67. Tedesco, J.W., McDougal, W.G. and Ross, C.A. (1999), Structural dynamics, theory and applications, Addison-Wesley.
  68. Tikhonov, A.N. and Arsenin, V.Y. (1977), Solutions of Ill-posed Problems, Wiley, New York.
  69. Toshinami, T., Kawatani, M. and Kim, C.W. (2010), "Feasibility investigation for identifying bridge's fundamental frequencies from vehicle vibrations", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS2010, Philadelphia, USA, 2010.
  70. Trujillo, D.M. (1978), "Application of dynamic programming to the general inverse problem", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 12, 613-624. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620120406
  71. Trujillo, D.M. and Busby, H.R. (1997), Practical inverse analysis engineering, CRC Press, New York.
  72. Wang, Y. and Qu, W.L. (2011), "Moving train loads identification on a continuous steel truss girder by using dynamic displacement influence line method", Int.J. Steel Struct., 11(2), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-011-2001-7
  73. Weaver, W. and Johnston, P.R. (1987), Structural dynamics by finite elements, Prentice-Hall, UK.
  74. Wu, S.Q. and Law, S.S. (2011), "Vehicle axle load identification on bridge deck with irregular road surface profile", Eng. Struct., 33, 591-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.11.017
  75. Yang, Y.B. and Yau, J.D. (1997), "Vehicle-bridge interaction element for dynamic analysis", J. Struct. Eng., 123(11), 1512-1518. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:11(1512)
  76. Yang, Y.B., Yau, J.D. and Wu, Y.S. (2004a), Vehicle-bridge interaction dynamics. with applications to high-speed railways, World Scientific Publishing Co., ISBN 981-238-847-8, Singapore.
  77. Yang, Y.B., Lin, C.W. and Yau, J.D. (2004b), "Extracting bridge frequencies from the dynamic response of a passing vehicle", J. Sound Vib., 272, 471-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00378-X
  78. Yang, Y.B. and Chang, K.C. (2009a), "Extraction of bridge frequencies from the dynamic response of a passing vehicle enhanced by the EMD technique", J. Sound Vib., 322, 718-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.11.028
  79. Yang, Y.B. and Chang, K.C. (2009b), "Extracting the bridge frequencies indirectly from a passing vehicle: parametric study", Eng. Struct., 31(10), 2448-2459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.06.001
  80. Yu, L. and Chan T.H.T. (2003a), "Moving force identification based on the frequency-time domain method", J. Sound Vib., 261, 329-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(02)00991-4
  81. Yu, L. and Chan, T.H.T. (2003b), "Identification of multi-axle vehicle loads on bridges", J. Vib. Acoust., 126(1), 17-26.
  82. Yu, L. and Chan, T.H.T. (2007), "Recent research on identification of moving loads on bridges", J. Sound Vib., 305, 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.03.057
  83. Zhu, X.Q. and Law, S.S. (1999), "Moving forces identification on a multi-span continuous bridge", J. Sound Vib., 228(2), 377-396. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2416
  84. Zhu, X.Q. and Law, S.S. (2000), "Identification of vehicle axle loads from bridge dynamic responses", J. Sound Vib., 236(4), 705-724. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2000.3021
  85. Zhu, X.Q. and Law, S.S. (2001a), "Orthogonal function in moving loads identification on a multi-span bridge", J. Sound Vib., 245(2), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2001.3577
  86. Zhu, X.Q. and Law, S.S. (2001b), "Identification of moving loads on an orthotropic plate", J. Vib. Acoust., 123(2), 238-244. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1349889
  87. Zhu, X.Q. and Law, S.S. (2002), "Moving loads identification through regularization", J. Eng. Mech. - ASCE, 128(9), 989-1000. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:9(989)
  88. Zhu, X.Q. and Law, S.S. (2003a), "Identification of moving interaction forces with incomplete velocity information", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 17(6), 1349-1366. https://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.2002.1577
  89. Zhu, X.Q. and Law, S.S. (2003b), "Time domain identification of moving loads on bridge deck", J. Vib. Acoust., 125(2), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1547662
  90. Zhu, X.Q. and Law, S.S. (2006), "Moving load identification on multi-span continuous bridges with elastic bearings", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 20(7), 1759-1782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.06.004

Cited by

  1. Improved definition of dynamic load allowance factor for highway bridges vol.54, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.3.561
  2. Bridge damage detection using vehicle axle-force information vol.153, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.10.012
  3. Identification of Dynamic Loads Based on Second-Order Taylor-Series Expansion Method vol.2016, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6461427
  4. Identification of bridge mode shapes using Short Time Frequency Domain Decomposition of the responses measured in a passing vehicle vol.81, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.007
  5. Structural Health Monitoring Based on Vehicle-Bridge Interaction: Accomplishments and Challenges vol.18, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.18.12.1999
  6. A discussion on the merits and limitations of using drive-by monitoring to detect localised damage in a bridge vol.90, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.12.012
  7. State-of-the-Art Review on Modal Identification and Damage Detection of Bridges by Moving Test Vehicles vol.18, pp.02, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455418500256
  8. Hierarchical clustering analysis framework of mutually exclusive crash causation parameters for regional road safety strategies 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2017.1416485
  9. Bridge damage detection using ambient traffic and moving force identification vol.22, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1749
  10. Dynamic Amplification Factor of Continuous versus Simply Supported Bridges Due to the Action of a Moving Vehicle vol.3, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures3020012
  11. Extraction of bridge fundamental frequency from estimated vehicle excitation through a particle filter approach vol.428, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2018.04.030
  12. Estimation of dynamic tire force by measurement of vehicle body responses with numerical and experimental validation vol.123, pp.None, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.01.017
  13. Moving force identification for real-time bridge weigh-in-motion vol.14, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3233/brs-190144
  14. Drive-by scour monitoring of railway bridges using a wavelet-based approach vol.191, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.046
  15. A sparse self-estimated sensor-network for reconstructing moving vehicle forces vol.28, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab28ed
  16. A Machine Learning Approach to Bridge-Damage Detection Using Responses Measured on a Passing Vehicle vol.19, pp.18, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184035
  17. A Two-Step Drive-By Bridge Damage Detection Using Dual Kalman Filter vol.20, pp.10, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420420067
  18. Dynamic load identification algorithm based on Newmark-β and self-filtering vol.234, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406219869981
  19. Beam Damage Detection Under a Moving Load Using Random Decrement Technique and Savitzky–Golay Filter vol.20, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010243
  20. Feasibility Study of Tractor-Test Vehicle Technique for Practical Structural Condition Assessment of Beam-Like Bridge Deck vol.12, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12010114
  21. Extraction of bridge information based on the double-pass double-vehicle technique vol.25, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.6.679
  22. Determination of road profile using multiple passing vehicle measurements vol.16, pp.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1703757
  23. Inspection of surface defects on stay cables using a robot and transfer learning vol.119, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103382
  24. Drive-by-bridge inspection for damage identification in a cable-stayed bridge: Numerical investigations vol.223, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110891
  25. Analysis of Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Moving Force Identification vol.21, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1142/s021945542150019x
  26. The Way Forward for Indirect Structural Health Monitoring (iSHM) Using Connected and Automated Vehicles in Europe vol.6, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6030043
  27. A Novel Acceleration-Based Moving Force Identification Algorithm to Detect Global Bridge Damage vol.11, pp.16, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167271
  28. Drive-by methodology to identify resonant bridges using track irregularity measured by high-speed trains vol.158, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.107667