Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Xylanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Non-starch Polysaccharide Degradation in Different Sections of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers Fed Wheat-based Diets

  • Zhang, L. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University) ;
  • Xu, J. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University) ;
  • Lei, L. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University) ;
  • Jiang, Y. (Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University) ;
  • Gao, F. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhou, G.H. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University)
  • Received : 2014.01.03
  • Accepted : 2014.02.15
  • Published : 2014.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and the degradation of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broilers fed wheat-based diets. A total of 120 7-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted to two wheat-based experimental diets supplemented with 0 or 1.0 g/kg xylanase. Each treatment was composed of 6 replicates with 10 birds each. Diets were given to the birds from 7 to 21 days of age. The results showed that xylanase supplementation did not affect feed intake, but increased body weight gain of broiler at 21 day of age by 5.8% (p<0.05) and improved feed-to-gain ratio by 5.0% (p<0.05). Xylanase significantly increased (p<0.05) ileal digestibilities of crude protein (CP) by 3.5%, starch by 9.3%, soluble NSP by 43.9% and insoluble NSP by 42.2% relative to the control group, respectively. Also, compared with the control treatment, xylanase addition increased (p<0.05) total tract digestibilities of dry matter by 5.7%, CP by 4.1%, starch by 6.3%, soluble NSP by 50.8%, and had a tendency to increase (p = 0.093) insoluble NSP by 19.9%, respectively. The addition of xylanase increased the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in the digesta of gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05), and the order of their concentration was ileum>jejunum>duodenum>>gizzard> caecum. The supplementation of xylanse increased ileal isomaltriose concentration (p<0.05), but did not affect the concentrations of isomaltose, panose and 1-kestose in the digesta of all GIT sections. These results suggest that supplementation of xylanase to wheat-based diets cuts the arabinoxylan backbone into small fragments (mainly arabinose and xylose) in the ileum, jejunum and duodenum, and enhances digestibilites of nutrients by decreasing digesta viscosity. The release of arabinose and xylose in the small intestine may also be the important contributors to the growth-promoting effect of xylanase in broilers fed wheat-based diets.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
  2. Bailey, M. J. 1988. A note on the use of dinitrosalicylic acid for determining the products of enzymatic reactions. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29:494-497. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269074
  3. Barekatain, M. R., C. Antipatis, M. Choct, and P. A. Iji. 2013. Interaction between protease and xylanase in broiler chicken diets containing sorghum distillers' dried grains with soluble. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 182:71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.04.002
  4. Bedford, M. R. 2000. Exogenous enzymes in monogastric nutrition-their current value and future benefits. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 86:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00155-3
  5. Bedford, M. R. and H. L. Classen. 1992. Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosanase concentration is effected through changes in the carbohydrate composition of the intestinal aqueous phase and results in improved growth rate and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicks. J. Nutr. 122:560-569.
  6. Chen, H. L., H. O. Lu, J. J. Lin, and L. Y. Ko. 2001. Effects of isomalto- oligosaccharides on bowel functions and indicators of nutritional status in constipated elderly men. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20:44-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2001.10719013
  7. Choct, M. 1997. Feed non-starch polysaccharides: Chemical structures and nutritional significance. Feed Milling Int. 13-26.
  8. Choct, M. and G. Annison. 1992a. Anti-nutritive effect of wheat pentosans in broiler chickens: Roles of viscosity and gut microflora. Br. Poult. Sci. 33:821-834. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669208417524
  9. Choct, M. and G. Annison. 1992b. The inhibition of nutrient digestion by wheat pentosans. Br. J. Nutr. 67:123-132. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19920014
  10. Choct, M., A. Kocher, D. L. E. Waters, D. Pettersson, and G. Ross. 2004. A comparison of three xylanases on the nutritive value of two wheats for broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr. 92:53-61. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041166
  11. Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, and M. R. Bedford. 1999. Effects of a xylanase on individual bird variation, starch digestion throughout the intestine, and ileal and caecal volatile fatty acid production in chickens fed wheat. Br. Poult. Sci. 40:419-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669987548
  12. Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, J. Wang, M. R. Bedford, A. J. Morgan, and G. Annison. 1996. Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 37:609-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669608417891
  13. Chung, C. H. and D. F. Day. 2004. Efficacy of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (ATCC 13146) isomaltooligosaccharides as a poultry prebiotic. Poult. Sci. 83:1302-1306. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.8.1302
  14. Diebold, G., R. Mosenthin, H. P. Piepho, and W. C. Sauer. 2004. Effect of supplementation of xylanase and phospholipase to a wheat-based diet for weanling pigs on nutrient digestibility and concentrations of microbial metabolites in ileal digesta and feces. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2647-2656.
  15. Englyst, H. N., M. E. Quigley, and G. J. Hudson. 1994. Determination of dietary fibre as non-starch polysaccharides with gas-liquid chromatographic, high-performance liquid chromatographic or spectrophotometric measurement of constituent sugars. Analyst 119:1497-1509. https://doi.org/10.1039/an9941901497
  16. Esmaeilipour, O., H. Moravej, M. Shivazad, M. Rezaian, S. Aminzadeh, and M. M. Van Krimpen. 2012. Effects of diet acidification and xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, duodenal histology and gut microflora of broilers fed wheat based diet. Br. Poult. Sci. 53:235-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2012.681771
  17. Esmaeilipour, O., M. Shivazad, H. Moravej, S. Aminzadeh, M. Rezaian, and M. M. Van Krimpen. 2011. Effects of xylanase and citric acid on the performance, nutrient retention, and characteristics of gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed low-phosphorus wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci. 90:1975-1982. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-01264
  18. Friesen, O. D., W. Guenter, R. R. Marquardt, and B. A. Rotter. 1992. The effect of enzyme supplementation on the apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibilities of wheat, barley, oats and rye for young broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 71:1710-1721. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0711710
  19. Gao, F., Y. Jiang, G. H. Zhou, and Z. K. Han. 2007. The effects of xylanase supplementation on growth, digestion, circulating hormone and metabolite levels, immunity and gut microflora in cockerels fed on wheat-based diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 48:480-488.3. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660701477320
  20. Gao, F., Y. Jiang, G. H. Zhou, and Z. K. Han. 2008. The effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, blood parameters and gut microflora in broilers fed on wheat-based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 142:173-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.07.008
  21. Hetland, H., M. Choct, and B. Svihus. 2004. Role of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides in poultry nutrition. World's Poult. Sci. J. 60:415-422. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS200325
  22. Hirayama, M. 2002. Novel physiological functions of oligosaccharides. Pure Appl. Chem. 74:1271-1279.
  23. Joye, D. and H. Hoebregs. 2000. Determination of oligofructose, a soluble dietary fiber, by high-temperature capillary gas chromatography. J. AOAC Int. 83:1020-1026.
  24. Kaplan, H. and R. W. Hutkins. 2000. Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:2682-2684. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.6.2682-2684.2000
  25. Liu, D., S. S. Guo, and Y. M. Guo. 2012. Xylanase supplementation to a wheat-based diet alleviated the intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Avian Pathol. 41:291-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2012.684089
  26. Malathi, V. and G. Devegowda. 2001. In vitro evaluation of nonstarch polysaccharide digestibility of feed ingredients by enzymes. Poult.Sci. 80:302-305. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.3.302
  27. McCleary, B. V., T. S. Gibson, and D. C. Mugford. 1997. Measurement of total starch in cereal products by amyloglucosidase-$\alpha$-amylase method: Collaborative study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 80:571-579.
  28. Meng, X., B. A. Slominski, C. M. Nyachoti, L. D. Campbell, and W. Guenter. 2005. Degradation of cell wall polysaccharides by combinations of carbohydrase enzymes and their effect on nutrient utilization and broiler chicken performance. Poult. Sci. 84:37-47. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.1.37
  29. Nian, F., Y. M. Guo, Y. J. Ru, F. D. Li, and A. Peron. 2011. Effect of exogenous xylanase supplementation on the performance, net energy and gut microflora of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 24:400-406. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10273
  30. Parracho, H., A. L. McCartney, and G. R. Gibson. 2007. Probiotics and prebiotics in infant nutrition. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 66:405-411. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665107005678
  31. Patel, S. and A. Goya. 2011. Functional oligosaccharides: production, properties and application. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27:1119-1128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0558-5
  32. Quigley, M. E., G. J. Hudson, and H. N. Englyst. 1999. Determination of resistant short-chain carbohydrates (non-digestible oligosaccharides) using gas-liquid chromatography. Food Chem. 65:381-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00178-2
  33. Vandeplas, S., R. D. Dauphin, C. Thiry, Y. Beckers, G. W. Welling, P. Thonart, and A. Thewis. 2009. Efficiency of a Lactobacillus plantarum-xylanase combination on growth performances, microflora populations, and nutrient digestibilities of broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Poult. Sci. 88:1643-1654. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00479
  34. Vandeplas, S., R. D. Dauphin, P. Thonart, A. Thewis, and Y. Beckers. 2010. Effect of the bacterial or fungal origin of exogenous xylanases supplemented to a wheat-based diet on performance of broiler chickens and nutrient digestibility of the diet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90:221-228. https://doi.org/10.4141/CJAS09067
  35. Vogtmann, H., P. Frirter, and A. L. Prabuck. 1975. A new method of determining metabolizability of energy and digestibility of fatty acids in broiler diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 16:531-534. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071667508416222

Cited by

  1. Combination of Xylanase and Debranching Enzymes Specific to Wheat Arabinoxylan Improve the Growth Performance and Gut Health of Broilers vol.64, pp.24, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01272
  2. Performance of broiler chicken fed multicarbohydrases supplemented low energy diet vol.10, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.727-731
  3. Effects of protease and non-starch polysaccharide enzyme on performance, digestive function, activity and gene expression of endogenous enzyme of broilers vol.12, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173941
  4. Antioxidant molecular targets of wheat bran fermented by white rot fungi and its potential modulation of antioxidative status in broiler chickens vol.58, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2017.1280772
  5. Combined effect of using near-infrared spectroscopy for nutritional evaluation of feed ingredients and non-starch polysaccharide carbohydrase complex on performance of broiler chickens vol.88, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12822
  6. Diets of differentially processed wheat alter ruminal fermentation parameters and microbial populations in beef cattle1 vol.93, pp.11, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9547
  7. Fermentation and addition of enzymes to a diet based on high-moisture corn, rapeseed cake, and peas improve digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides, crude protein, and phosphorus in pigs vol.93, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8644
  8. Improving Nutrition Utilization and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Through Solid-State Fermentation of Agricultural By-Products by Aureobasidium Pullulans vol.19, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0495
  9. The effects of phytase and xylanase supplementation on performance and egg quality in laying hens vol.59, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2018.1483575
  10. The effect of carbohydrases or prebiotic oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and development of small intestine and immune organs in broilers fed nutrient‐adequate diets based on either wheat or barley pp.1097-0010, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9537
  11. Xylanase for meat-type quails from 15 to 35 days old vol.48, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820180252
  12. Multi-Carbohydrase Addition Into a Corn-Soybean Meal Diet Containing Wheat and Wheat By Products to Improve Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens vol.28, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfz002
  13. Exogenous Enzymes and the Digestibility of Nutrients by Broilers: A Mini Review vol.18, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2019.404.409
  14. Effect of Dietary Aspergillus Xylanase on Nutrient Digestibility and Utilization, Growth Performance and Size of Internal Organs in Broiler Chickens Offered Maize-Soybean Meal Based-Diets vol.18, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2019.852.865
  15. Xylanase and xylo- oligosaccharide prebiotic improve the growth performance and concentration of potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides in the ileum of broiler chickens vol.61, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2019.1673318
  16. Effects of Dietary Fiber on Nutrients Utilization and Gut Health of Poultry: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities vol.11, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010181
  17. Influence of Enzyme Supplementation in the Diets of Broiler Chickens Formulated with Different Corn Hybrids Dried at Various Temperatures vol.11, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030643
  18. Biochemical characterization and enhanced production of endoxylanase from thermophilic mould Myceliophthora thermophila vol.44, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02539-1
  19. The effect of a heat-stable xylanase on digesta viscosity, apparent metabolizable energy and growth performance of broiler chicks fed a wheat-based diet vol.100, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101275
  20. Zeolite-based nanocomposite as a smart pH-sensitive nanovehicle for release of xylanase as poultry feed supplement vol.11, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00688-7
  21. Interaction between xylanase and a proton pump inhibitor on broiler chicken performance and gut function vol.8, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.005