References
- Shiozaki H, Abe S, Tsumori N, Shiozaki K, Kaneko Y, Ichinohe T: Macroscopic anatomy of the sphenomandibular ligament related to the inferior alveolar nerve block. Cranio 2007; 25(3): 160-5. https://doi.org/10.1179/crn.2007.025
- Okamoto Y, Takasugi Y, Moriya K, Furuya H: Inferior alveolar nerve block by injection into the pterygomandibular space anterior to the mandibular foramen: radiographic study of local anesthetic spread in the pterygomandibular space. Anesth Prog 2000; 47(4): 130-3.
- Buch HA: Clinical anatomy of inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. Clin Anat 2011; 24(4): 515-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.21136
- Quinn JH. Inferior alveolar nerve block using the internal oblique ridge. J Am Dent Assoc 1998; 129(8): 1147-8. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0392
- Bremer G. Measurements of special significance in connection with anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve. Oral Surgery 1952; 5(9): 966-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(52)90050-9
- Kingon A, Sambrook P, Goss A. Higher concentration local anaesthetics causing prolonged anaesthesia. Do they? A literature review and case reports. Australian Dental Journal 2011; 56(4): 348-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01358.x
- Tortamano IP, Siviero M, Lee S, Sampaio RM, Simone JL, Rocha RG: Onset and duration period of pulpal anesthesia of articaine and lidocaine in inferior alveolar nerve block. Brazilian Dental Journal 2013; 24(4): 371-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302072
- Sierra Rebolledo A, Delgado Molina E, Berini Aytís L, Gay Escoda C: Comparative study of the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% lidocaine in inferior alveolar nerve block during surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal 2007; 12(2): E139-44.
- Arrow P: A comparison of articaine 4% and lignocaine 2% in block and infiltration analgesia in children. Australian Dental Journal 2012; 57(3): 325-3. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2012.01699.x
- Kanaa MD, Whitworth JM, Corbett IP, Meechan JG: Articaine buccal infiltration enhances the effectiveness of lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block. Int Endod J 2009; 42(3): 238-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01507.x
- Tófoli GR, Ramacciato JC, de Oliveira PC, Volpato MC, Groppo FC, Ranali J: Comparison of effectiveness of 4% articaine associated with 1: 100,000 or 1: 200,000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block. Anesth Prog 2003; 50(4): 164-8.
- Brajkovic D, Brkovic B, Milic M, Biocanin V, Krsljak E, Stojic D: Levobupivacaine vs. bupivacaine for third molar surgery: quality of anaesthesia, postoperative analgesia and local vascular effects. Clin Oral Investig. 2013:1-8.
- Branco FP, Ranali J, Ambrosano GMB, Volpato MC: A double-blind comparison of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 0.5% levobupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine for the inferior alveolar nerve block. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006; 101(4): 442-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.06.005
- Steinkruger G, Nusstein J, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J: The significance of needle bevel orientation in achieving a successful inferior alveolar nerve block. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137(12): 1685-91. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0114
- Hannan L, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ: The use of ultrasound for guiding needle placement for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 1999; 87(6): 658-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(99)70156-3
- Goldberg S, Reader A, Drum M, Nusstein J, Beck M: Comparison of the anesthetic efficacy of the conventional inferior alveolar, Gow-Gates, and Vazirani-Akinosi techniques. J Endod 2008; 34(11): 1306-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.025
- Hinkley SA, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers WJ: An evaluation of 4% prilocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 2% mepivacaine with 1:200,000 levonordefrin compared with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for inferior alveolar nerve block. Anesth Prog 1991; 38(3): 84-9.
- McLean C, Reader A, Beck M, Meryers WJ: An evaluation of 4% prilocaine and 3% mepivacaine compared with 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) for inferior alveolar nerve block. J Endod 1993; 19(3): 146-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80510-8
- Teplitsky PE, Hablichek CA, Kushneriuk JS: A comparison of bupivacaine to lidocaine with respect to duration in the maxilla and mandible. J Can Dent Assoc 1987; 53(6): 475-8.
- Cohen HP, Cha BY, Spångberg LS: Endodontic anesthesia in mandibular molars: a clinical study. J Endod 1993; 19(7): 370-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81366-X
- Nusstein J, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ: Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis. JOEN 1998; 24(7): 487-91.
- Aggarwal V, Singla M, Kabi D: Comparative evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of Gow-Gates mandibular conduction anesthesia, Vazirani-Akinosi technique, buccalplus- lingual infiltrations, and conventional inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109(2): 303-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.09.016
- Chakranarayan A, Mukherjee B: Arched needle technique for inferior alveolar mandibular nerve block. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2013; 12(1): 113-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-011-0310-1
- Stein P, Brueckner J, Milliner M: Sensory innervation of mandibular teeth by the nerve to the mylohyoid: implications in local anesthesia. Clin Anat 2007; 20(6): 591-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.20479
- Madeira MC, Percinoto C, Graças M Silva das M: Clinical significance of supplementary innervation of the lower incisor teeth: a dissection study of the mylohyoid nerve. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978; 46(5): 608-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(78)90455-3
- Wilson S, Johns P, Fuller PM: The inferior alveolar and mylohyoid nerves: an anatomic study and relationship to local anesthesia of the anterior mandibular teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 1984; 108(3): 350-2. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1984.0005
- Chapnick L: A foramen on the lingual of the mandible. J Can Dent Assoc 1980; 46(7): 444-5.
- Ashraf H, Kazem M, Dianat O, Noghrehkar F: Efficacy of articaine versus lidocaine in block and infiltration anesthesia administered in teeth with irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J Endod 2013; 39(1): 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.012
- Kanaa MD, Whitworth JM, Meechan JG: A prospective randomized trial of different supplementary local anesthetic techniques after failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular teeth. J Endod 2012; 38(4): 421-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.12.006
- Fowler S, Reader A: Is a volume of 3.6 mL better than 1.8 mL for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis? J Endod 2013; 39(8):970-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.007
- Aggarwal V, Singla M, Miglani S, Kohli S: Comparison of the anaesthetic efficacy of epinephrine concentrations (1 : 80 000 and 1 : 200 000) in 2% lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Int Endod J 2013; 47(4): 373-9.
- Kennedy S, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M, Weaver J: The significance of needle deflection in success of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod 2003; 29(10): 630-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200310000-00004
- Jena A, Shashirekha G: Effect of preoperative medications on the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis: A placebo-controlled clinical study. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16(2): 171-4. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.108209
- Fullmer S, Drum M, Reader A, Nusstein J, Beck M: Effect of preoperative acetaminophen/hydrocodone on the efficacy of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Endod 2014; 40(1): 1-5.
- Bhargava D, Sreekumar K, Rastogi S: A prospective randomized double-blind study to assess the latency and efficacy of Twin-mix and 2% lignocaine with 1: 200,000 epinephrine in surgical removal of impacted third molars: a pilot study. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 17: 275-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-012-0372-3
- Taghavi Zenouz A, Ebrahimi H, Mahdipour M, Pourshahidi S, Amini P, Vatankhah M: The incidence of intravascular needle entrance during inferior alveolar nerve block injection. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2008; 2(1): 38-41.
- Steenen SA, Dubois L, Saeed P, de Lange J: Ophthalmologic complications after intraoral local anesthesia: case report and review of literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 113(6): e1-5.