Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society (한국지반환경공학회 논문집)

Korean Geo-Environmental Society (한국지반환경공학회)
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Sediment Erosion and Transport Experiments in Laboratory using Artificial Rainfall Simulator

  • Regmi, Ram Krishna (International Water Resources Research Institute, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jung, Kwansue (Department of Civil Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Nakagawa, Hajime (Ujigawa Hydraulics Laboratory, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University) ;
  • Kang, Jaewon (International Water Resources Research Institute, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Giha (Department of Construction and Disaster Prevention Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2013.11.01
  • Accepted : 2014.02.18
  • Published : 2014.04.01
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Abstract

Catchments soil erosion, one of the most serious problems in the mountainous environment of the world, consists of a complex phenomenon involving the detachment of individual soil particles from the soil mass and their transport, storage and overland flow of rainfall, and infiltration. Sediment size distribution during erosion processes appear to depend on many factors such as rainfall characteristics, vegetation cover, hydraulic flow, soil properties and slope. This study involved laboratory flume experiments carried out under simulated rainfall in a 3.0 m long ${\times}$ 0.8 m wide ${\times}$ 0.7 m deep flume, set at $17^{\circ}$ slope. Five experimental cases, consisting of twelve experiments using three different sediments with two different rainfall conditions, are reported. The experiments consisted of detailed observations of particle size distribution of the out-flow sediment. Sediment water mixture out-flow hydrograph and sediment mass out-flow rate over time, moisture profiles at different points within the soil domain, and seepage outflow were also reported. Moisture profiles, seepage outflow, and movement of overland flow were clearly found to be controlled by water retention function and hydraulic function of the soil. The difference of grain size distribution of original soil bed and the out-flow sediment was found to be insignificant in the cases of uniform sediment used experiments. However, in the cases of non-uniform sediment used experiments the outflow sediment was found to be coarser than the original soil domain. The results indicated that the sediment transport mechanism is the combination of particle segregation, suspension/saltation and rolling along the travel distance.

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References

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