Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Production, Nutritional Quality and In vitro Methane Production from Andropogon gayanus Grass Harvested at Different Maturities and Preserved as Hay or Silage

  • Ribeiro, G.O. Jr. (Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) ;
  • Teixeira, A.M. (Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) ;
  • Velasco, F.O. (Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) ;
  • Faria, W.G. Junior (Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) ;
  • Pereira, L.G.R. (Embrapa Gado de Leite - CNPGL) ;
  • Chaves, A.V. (Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney) ;
  • Goncalves, L.C. (Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) ;
  • McAllister, T.A. (Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada)
  • Received : 2013.03.20
  • Accepted : 2013.05.09
  • Published : 2014.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Andropogon gayanus is an important grass due to its high biomass production, drought tolerance and favorable growth on low fertility acidic soils. Currently, there is little research on the impact of growth stage on the nutritional quality or the degree of $CH_4$ production that may arise from this forage during ruminal fermentation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of regrowth stage of A. gayanus on its chemical composition, in vitro production of gas and CH4, as well as in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility when grown under tropical Brazilian conditions and conserved as hay or as silage. The nutritional value of A. gayanus grass declined with increasing maturity; however digestible DM yield linearly increased. After 112 d of regrowth, A. gayanus produced higher quality silage (higher lactate and lower pH and butyrate content) and higher DM yield. However, the low levels of crude protein at this time would make protein supplementation a necessity for proper rumen fermentation. No differences in $CH_4$ kinetic parameters were found with advancing maturity or preservation method (hay or silage).

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, VA, USA.
  2. Adjolohoun, S., A. Buldgen, C. Adandedjan, P. Dardenne, and V. Decruyenaere. 2008. Production and nutritive value of three grass species cultivated for ley pasture in the Borgou region of Benin. Trop. Grasslands 42:237-244.
  3. Archimede, H., M. Eugene, C. Marie Magdeleine, M. Boval, C. Martin, D. P. Morgavi, P. Lecomte, and M. Doreau. 2011. Comparison of methane production between C3 and C4 grasses and Legumes. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 166:59-64.
  4. Assoumaya, C. 2007. Etude des facteurs limitant l'ingestion chez les petits ruminants valorisant des fourrages tropicaux. PhD Thesis, Agro Paris Tech., Paris, France.
  5. Bailey, R. W. 1967. Quantitative studies of ruminant digestion. II. Loss of ingested plant carbohydrates from the reticulo rumen. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 10:15-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1967.10423074
  6. Beauchemin, K. A., M. Kreuzer, F. O'mara, and T. A. Mcallister. 2008. Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 48:21-27. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07199
  7. Blaser, J. L., R. C. Hammes, J. P. Fontenot, H. T. Bryant, C. E. Polan, D. D. Wolf, F. S. McClaugherty, R. G. Kline, and J. S. Moore. 1986. Growth stages of plants, forage quality and animal production. In: Forage-Animal Management Systems. Virginia Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin, 9:86-87.
  8. Blaser, R. E. 1964. Symposium on Forage Utilization: Effects of fertility levels and stage of maturity on nutritive value. J. Anim. Sci. 23:246-253.
  9. Blummel, M. and E. R. Orskov. 1993. Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 40:109-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(93)90150-I
  10. CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical). 1990. Andropogon gayanus Kunth: A grass for tropical acid soils (Ed. J. M Toledo, R. Vera, C. Lascano and J. M. Lenne). Cali, Columbia. p. 382.
  11. CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical). 1992. Pasture for the tropical lowlands. CIAT's Contribution. Cali, Columbia. p. 238.
  12. Cochrane, T .T. 1986. Soils, climate and vagetation in rangelands of Tropical America. In: Tropical American Lowland Range Symposium (Ed. R. S. Kalmbacher, S. S. Coleman, C. E. Lewis, and G. W. Tanner). Proceedings of the Society for Range Management, Kissimmee, FLA., USA, pp. 1-10.
  13. Cushnahan, A., C. S. Mayne, and E. F. Unsworth. 1995. Effects of ensilage of grass on performance and nutrient utilization by dairy cattle: 2. Nutrient metabolism and rumen fermentation. Anim. Sci. 60:347-359. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800013229
  14. Demarquilly, C. and J. P. Dulphy. 1977. Effect of ensiling on feed intake and animal performance. In: Proceedings of International Meeting on Animal Production from Temperate Grasslands, Dublin. pp. 53-61.
  15. Dore, R. T. 2006. Comparing bermudagrass and bahiagrass cultivars at different stages of harvest for dry matter yield and nutrient content. Dissertation (Master of Science), Louisianan State University, Louisiana.
  16. Durmic, Z., P. Hutton, D. K. Revell, J. Emms, S. Hughes, and P. E. Vercoe. 2010. In vitro fermentative traits of Australian woody perennial plant species that may be considered as potential sources of feed for grazing ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 160:98-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.07.006
  17. Fedorak, P. M. and S. E. Hrudey. 1983. A simple apparatus for measuring gas production by methanogenic culture in serum bottles.Environ. Technol. Lett. 4:425-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593338309384228
  18. Gourley, L. M. and J. W. Lusk. 1978. Genetic parameters related to sorghum silage quality. J. Dairy Sci. 61:1821-1827. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(78)83808-9
  19. Henderson, N. 1993. Silage additives. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 45:35-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(93)90070-Z
  20. Hervas, G., P. Frutos, F. J. Giraldez, M. J. Mora, B. Fernandez, and A. R. Mantecon. 2005. Effect of preservation on fermentative activity of rumen fluid inoculum for in vitro gas production techniques. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 123-124:107-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.004
  21. Holden, L. A. 1999. Comparison of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds. J. Dairy Sci. 82:1791-1794. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75409-3
  22. Holtshausen, L., A. V. Chaves, K. A. Beauchemin, S. M. McGinn, T. A. McAllister, N. E. Odongo, P. R. Cheeke and C. Benchaar. 2009. Feeding saponin-containing Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria to decrease enteric methane production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92:2809-2821. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1843
  23. Jayanegara, A., E. Wina, C. R. Soliva, S. Marquardt, M. Kreuzer, and F. Leiber. 2011. Dependence of forage quality and methanogenic potential of tropical plants on their phenolic fractions as determined by principal component analysis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 163:231-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.11.009
  24. Johnson, K. A. and D. E. Johnson. 1995. Methane emissions from cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2483-2492.
  25. Jung, H. G. and D. A. Deetz. 1993. Cell wall lignification and degradability. In: Forage Cell Wall Structure and Digestibility (Ed. H. G. Jung, D. R. Buxton, R. D. Hatfield, and J. Ralph). ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 315-346.
  26. Jung, H. G. and K. P. Vogel. 1986. Influence of lignin on digestibility of forage cell wall material. J. Anim. Sci. 62:1703-1712.
  27. Jung, H. G. and K. P. Vogel. 1992. Lignification of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) plant parts during maturation and its effect on fibre degradability. J. Sci. Food Agric. 59:169-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740590206
  28. Kung JR., L. 2001. Silage fermentation and additives. In: Proceedings of Alltech's 17th Annual Symposium (Ed. K. A. Jacques and T. P. Lyons). Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK. pp. 145-159.
  29. Lascano, C. E. 1991. Managing the grazing resource for animal production in savannas of tropical America. Trop. Grasslands 25:66-72.
  30. Lopez, S., J. France, M. S. Dhanoa, F. Mould, and J. Dijkstra. 1999. Comparison of mathematical models to describe disappearance curves obtained using the polyester bag technique for incubating feeds in the rumen. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1875-1888.
  31. Mandebvu, P., J. W. West, G. M. Hill, R. N. Gates, R. D. Hatfield, B. G. Mullinix, A. H. Parks, and A. B. Caudle. 1999. Comparison of Tifton 85 and Coastal bermudagrasses for yield, nutrient traits, intake, and digestion by growing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1572-1586.
  32. McDonald, P., A. R. Henderson, and S. Heron. 1991. The biochemistry of silage. 2nd edn. Marlow: Chalcombe Publications.
  33. McGrath, D. 1988. Seasonal variation in the water-soluble carbohydrates of perennial and Italian ryegrass under cutting conditions. Irish J. Agric. Food Res. 27:131-139.
  34. Meale, S. J., A. V. Chaves, J. Baah, and T. A. McAllister. 2012. Methane production of different forages in in vitro ruminal fermentation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 25:86-91. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11249
  35. Mello, A. C. L., and C. G. S. Pedreira. 2004. Respostas morfologicas do Capim-Tanzania (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania-1) irrigado a intensidade de desfolha sob lotacao rotacionada. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 33:282-289. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982004000200003
  36. Menke, K. H., L. Raab, A. Salewski, H. Steingass, H. Fritz, and W. Schrieder. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 93:217-222. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600086305
  37. Merchen, N. R. and L. D. Bourquin. 1994. Processes of digestion and factors influencing digestion of forage-based diets by ruminants. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization (Ed. G. C. Fahey, Jr., M. Collins, D. R. Mertens, and L. E. Moser). ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 564-612.
  38. Minson, D. J. 1990. Forage in ruminant nutrition. San Diego: Academic Press, 1990.
  39. Moisio, T. and M. Heikonen. 1994. Lactic acid fermentation in silage preserved with formic acid. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 47:107-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)90164-3
  40. Morrison, I. M. 1979. Changes in the cell wall components of laboratory silages and the effect of various additives on these changes. J. Agric. Sci. 93:581-586. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600038983
  41. Muck, R. E. 1988. Factors influencing silage quality and their implications for management. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2992-3002. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79897-5
  42. Navarro-Villa, A., M. O'Brien, S. Lopez, T. M. Boland, and P. O'Kiely. 2011. In vitro rumen methane output of red clover and perennial ryegrass assayed using the gas production technique (GPT). Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 168:152-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.091
  43. Navarro-Villa, A., M. O'Brien, S. Lopez, T. M. Boland, and P. O'Kiely. 2012. In vitro rumen methane output of grasses and grass silages differing in fermentation characteristics using the gas-production technique (GPT). Grass Forage Sci. 68:228-224.
  44. Nelson, C. J. and L. E. Moser. 1994. Plant factors affecting forage quality. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization (Ed. G. C. Fahey, Jr., M. Collins, D. R. Mertens, and L. E. Moser). ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 115-154.
  45. Njidda, A. A. and A. Nasiru. 2010. In vitro gas production and dry mater digestibility of tannin-containing forges of semi-arid region of north-eastern Nigeria. Pakistan J. Nutr. 9:60-66. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2010.60.66
  46. Ohshima, V. and P. McDonald. 1978. A review of the changes in nitrogenous compounds of herbage during ensilage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 29:497-505. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740290602
  47. O'Mara, F., K. A. Beauchemin, M. Kreuzer, and T. A. McAllister. 2008. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of ruminants through nutritional strategies. In: Proc. Inter. Conf. on Livestock and Global Climate Change, British Society of Animal Science, 17-20 May, 2008, Hammamet, Tunisia, p. 40-43.
  48. Pinares-Patino, C. S., P. D'hour, J.-P. Jouany, and C. Martin. 2007. Effects of stocking rate on methane and carbon dioxide emissions from grazing cattle. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 121:30-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.03.024
  49. Playne, M. J. 1985. Determination of ethanol, volatile fatty acids, lactic and succinic acids in fermentation liquids by gas chromatography. J. Sci. Food Agric. 36:638-644. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740360803
  50. Purcell, P. J., M. O'Brien, T. M. Boland, and P. O'Kiely. 2011. In vitro rumen methane output of perennial ryegrass samples prepared by freeze drying or thermal drying ($40^{\circ}C$). Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 166:175-182.
  51. Roberson, J. B. and P. J. Van Soest. 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In: The analysis of dietary fiber in food (Ed. W. P. T. James and O. Theander). Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA. pp. 123-158.
  52. Robertson, L. J. and G. C. Waghorn. 2002. Dairy industry perspectives on methane emissions and production from cattle fed pasture or total mixed rations in New Zealand. Proc. N.Z. Soc. Anim. Prod. 62:213-218.
  53. SAS Institute, Inc. 2013. SAS $OnlineDoc^{(R)}$ 9.2. SAS Institute Incorporation. Cary, NC, USA.
  54. Silva Jr., F. V. S. 2004. Qualidade das silagens de capim Mombaca (Panicum maximum, cv. Mombaca) com aditivos em cinco epocas de corte. Dissertation (Master of Science), Escola de Veterinaria da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
  55. Smith, D. 1973. The nonstructural carbohydrates. In: Chemistry and biochemistry of herbage (Ed. G. W. Butler and R. W. Bailey). Academic Press, London, England. pp. 105-155.
  56. Sousa, L. F., R. M. Mauricio, G. R. Moreira, L. C. Goncalves, I. Borges, and L. G. R. Pereira. 2010. Nutritional evaluation of “Braquiarao” grass in association with “Aroeira” trees in a silvopastoral system. Agroforest Syst. 79:189-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9297-8
  57. Tilley, J. M. A. and R. A. Terry. 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grass Forage Sci. 18:104-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
  58. Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd edn. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
  59. Van Soest, P. J., D. R. Mertens, and B. Deinum. 1978. Preharvest factors influencing quality of conserved forages. J. Anim. Sci. 47:712-720.
  60. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  61. VanKessel, J. A. S. and J. B. Russell. 1996. The effect of pH on ruminal methanogenesis. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 20:205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-6496(96)00030-X
  62. Viana, V. M., R. M. Mauricio, R. Matta-Machado, and I. A. Pimenta. 2002. Manejo de la regeneracion natural de especies nativas para la formacion de sistemas silvopastoriles en zonas de bosques secos del sureste de Brasil. Agroforesteria en las Americas. 9:48-52.
  63. Wilson, J. R. and D. R. Mertens. 1995. Cell wall accessibility and cell structure limitations to microbial digestion of forage. Crop Sci. 35:251-259. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500010046x
  64. Wilson, J. R. and R. D. Hatfield. 1997. Structural and chemical changes of cell wall types during stem development: consequences for fibre degradation by rumen microflora. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 48:165-180. https://doi.org/10.1071/A96051

Cited by

  1. grass ensiled at three regrowth stages vol.95, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas-2014-074
  2. Climate Adaptation of Tropical Cattle vol.5, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022921
  3. Nutrient composition and in vitro methane production of sub-tropical grass species in transitional rangeland of South Africa vol.40, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ17057
  4. Silages of Rye Harvested at Different Stages: A Study on Microbial Inoculants Responses in Improving Rye Silage Fermentation Quality vol.37, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5333/kgfs.2017.37.3.189
  5. Internal markers for predicting dry matter intake and digestibility in Santa Inês ewes on a pasture vol.65, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/grs.12223
  6. Effect of ryegrass hay and ryegrass silage, cut at two stages of development, on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and purine derivative excretion in growing sheep vol.20, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2021.2000342
  7. Nutritive value and in vitro methane production of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu under fixed time or variable stocking cycles vol.76, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12509