한국임상수의학회지 (Journal of Veterinary Clinics)

  • 제31권1호
  • /
  • Pages.31-35
  • /
  • 2014
  • /
  • 1598-298X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2384-0749(eISSN)
한국임상수의학회 (The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics)
권호 표지

강원도 춘천 지역 개의 비만 유병률과 위험요인에 대한 단면연구

A Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence of Canine Obesity and Associated Risk Factors in Chuncheon, Kangwon Province

  • 박선일 (강원대학교 수의과대학 및 동물의학종합연구소)
  • Pak, Son-Il (College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University)
  • 심사 : 2014.01.25
  • 발행 : 2014.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

As with humans, overweight or obesity is a major health concern in the companion animal population. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of dog owners attending primary small animal veterinary practices from different areas in Chuncheon, Kangwon province, Korea was undertaken to explore the relationships between socioeconomic and other relevant risk factors associated with canine obesity. In addition, the author was to estimate the prevalence of obesity compared to published literatures for dogs. Owners were asked about dog age, neuter status, feeding habits, dog exercise, household income and owner age. The body condition score (BCS) of the dogs was also assessed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between BCS and potential risk factors controlling for confounding variables, using odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 275 dogs (136 males and 139 females) aged 1-12 years (mean age $5.6{\pm}3.7$ years) were surveyed in 2013. Of these, 46.9% of dogs (n = 129) were classed as an ideal body shape (BCS = 3), 30.9% (n = 85) were overweight (BCS = 4), 8.4% (n = 23) were obese (BCS = 5) and 13.8% (n = 38) were underweight (BCS = 1 or 2). Neutered males and spayed females had the highest prevalence of obesity (43.4% and 33.9%); intact females had the lowest prevalence of obesity (31.6%). In univariable model, risk factors associated with canine obesity are multifactorial and include owner income, owner age, age of dog, neuter status, frequency of feeding per day, frequency of snacks and consultation with veterinarian on dog's weight. In final multivariable logistic regression model, dogs whose owners reported no consultation with veterinarians for weight management were significantly more likely to be obesity than ideal (OR = 7.6, 95% CI, 4.2-13.8; p < 0.0001). This study showed a high prevalence of obesity in domestic companion dogs. Since this was a cross-sectional study with small samples, the association of canine obesity with risk factors warrants more research. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first Korean study on dog body condition and obesity.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bland IM, Guthrie-Jones A, Taylor RD, Hill J. Dog obesity: owner attitudes and behaviour. Prev Vet Med 2009; 92: 333-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.08.016
  2. Burkholder WJ. Use of body condition scores in clinical assessment of the provision of optimal nutrition. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217: 650-654. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.217.650
  3. Cochran WG. Some methods for strengthening the common chi-square tests. Biometrics 1954; 10: 417-451. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001616
  4. Colliard L, Ancel J, Benet JJ, Paragon BM, Blanchard G. Risk factors for obesity in dogs in France. J Nutr 2006; 136: 1951S-1954S.
  5. Courcier EA, Thomson RM, Mellor DJ, Yam PS. An epidemiological study of environmental factors associated with canine obesity. J Small Anim Pract 2010; 51: 362-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00933.x
  6. Crane SW. Occurrence and management of obesity in companion animals. J Small Anim Pract 1991; 32:275-82 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00930.x
  7. Fleiss JL, Cohen J, Everitt BB. Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa. Psychol Bull 1969; 72: 332-327.
  8. Flynn MF, Hardie EM, Armstrong PJ. Effect of ovariohysterectomy on maintenance energy requirements in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996; 209: 1572-1581.
  9. German AJ. The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats. J Nutr 2006; 136: 1940S-1946S.
  10. German AJ, Ryan VH, German AC, Wood IS, Trayhurn P. Obesity, its associated disorders and the role of inflammatory adipokines in companion animals. Vet J 2010; 185: 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.004
  11. Hoenig M, Ferguson DC. Effects of neutering on hormonal concentrations and energy requirements in cats. Am J Vet Med Res 2002; 63: 634-639. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.634
  12. Holmes KL, Morris PJ, Abdulla Z, Hackett R, Rawlings JM. Risk factors associated with excess body weight in dogs in the UK. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2007; 91: 166-167.
  13. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
  14. Houpt KA, Coren B, Hintz HF, Hildernrandt JE. Effect of sex and reproductive status on sucrose preference, food intake, and body weight of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979; 174: 1083-1085.
  15. Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, Mantz SL, Biery DN, Greeley EH, Lust G, Segre M, Smith GK, Stowe HD. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 220: 1315-1320. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315
  16. Kopelman PG. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 2000; 404: 635-643.
  17. Laflamme D. Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. Canine Pract 1997; 22: 10-15.
  18. Laflamme DP. Companion Animals Symposium: Obesity in dogs and cats: What is wrong with being fat? J Anim Sci 2012; 90: 1653-1662. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4571
  19. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977; 33: 159-174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
  20. Lawler DF, Larson BT, Ballam JM, Smith GK, Biery DN, Evans RH, Greeley EH, Segre M, Stowe HD, Kealy RD. Diet restriction and ageing in the dog: major observations over two decades. Br J Nutr 2008; 99: 793-805.
  21. Lund EM, Armstrong PJ, Kirk CA, Klausner JS. Prevalence and risk factors for obesity in adult dogs from private US veterinary practices. Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 2006; 4: 177-186.
  22. Markwell PJ, van Erk W, Parkin GD, Sloth CJ, Shantz-Christienson T. Obesity in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1990; 31: 533-537. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1990.tb00680.x
  23. McGreevy PD, Thomson PC, Pride C, Fawcett A, Grassi T, Jones B. Prevalence of obesity in dogs examined by Australian veterinary practices and the risk factors involved. Vet Rec 2005; 156: 695-707. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.156.22.695
  24. Robertson ID. The association of exercise, diet and other factors with owner-perceived obesity in privately owned dogs from metropolitan Perth, WA. Prev Vet Med 2003; 58: 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(03)00009-6
  25. Slupe JL, Freeman LM, Rush JE. Association of body weight and body condition with survival in dogs with heart failure. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22: 561-565. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0071.x