Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science (한국약용작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science (한국약용작물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Neuroprotective Effects of the Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Carthamus tinctorius L. on Transient Cerebral Global Ischemia in Rats

홍화 지상부 추출물의 전뇌허혈에 대한 신경보호 효과

  • Kim, Young Ock (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Sang Won (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Yang, Seung Ok (Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA) ;
  • Na, Sae Won (Department of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Su Kang (Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Chung, Joo Ho (Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University)
  • 김영옥 (국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 이상원 (국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 양승옥 (국립원예특작과학원 인삼특작부) ;
  • 나세원 (전북대학교 수의과대학) ;
  • 김수강 (경희대학교 고항의학연구소) ;
  • 정주호 (경희대학교 고항의학연구소)
  • Received : 2013.11.15
  • Accepted : 2014.01.27
  • Published : 2014.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In traditional Korean and Chinese medicine, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for the treatment of central nervous system-related symptoms such as tremor, seizure, stroke and epilepsy. We investigated the effects of safflower could influence cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal and cognitive impairments. Administration of safflower for 1 day (200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) increased the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global brain ischemia. And neurological functions measured as short term memory. Post-treatment with safflower for 2 times decreased the induction/reduction - induced production of neuronal cell loss from global cerebral ischemia. Safflower markedly decreased neuronal cell death and also caused a decrease in the content of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) ($55.2{\pm}9.4{\mu}mol\;mg^{-1}$) and significant improvement of activities of glutathione (GSH) ($27.2{\pm}5.0{\mu}mol\;mg^{-1}$) in hippocampus. We conclude that treatment with safflower attenuated learning and memory deficits, and neuronal cell loss induced by global cerebral ischemia. These results suggest that safflower may be a potential candidate for the treatment of vascular dementia.

Keywords

References

  1. Baxter MG, Frick KM, Price DL, Breckler SJ, Markowska AL and Gorman LK. (1999). Presynaptic markers of cholinergic function in the rat brain: relationship with aged and cognitive status. Neuroscience. 89:771-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00374-1
  2. Burda J, Matiasova M, Gottlieb M, Danielisova V, Nemethova M, Garcia L, Salinas M and Burda R. (2005). Evidence for a role of second pathophysiological stress in prevention of delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region. Neurochemical Research. 30:1397-1405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-005-8510-z
  3. Draper HH, Squires EJ, Mahmoodi H, Wu J, Agarwal S and Hadley M. (1993). A comparative evaluation of thiobarbituric acid methods for the determination of malondialdehyde in biological materials. Journal of Free Radicals in Biology & Medicine. 15:353-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(93)90035-S
  4. Doaa AE, Amani EK, Amina SA and Ezz El-Din SE. (2003). Hypericum perforatum extract demonstrates antioxidant properties against elevated rat brain oxidative status induced by amnestic dose of scopolamine. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior. 76:525-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2003.09.014
  5. Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres Jr. V and Feather-stone RM. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 7:88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
  6. Gorelick PB. (2002). Stroke prevention therapy beyond antithrombotics: unifying mechanisms in ischemic stroke pathogenesis and implications for therapy: An invited review. Stroke. 33:862-875. https://doi.org/10.1161/hs0302.103657
  7. Griffith OW. (1980). Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using glutathionereductase and 2-vinylpyridine. Analytical Biochemistry. 106:207-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(80)90139-6
  8. Hiramatsu M, Takahashi T, Komatsu M, Kido T and Kasahara M. (2009). Antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of Mogami-benibana(Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius Linne) Neurochememical Research. 34:795-805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9884-5
  9. Ishimaru H, Takahashi A, Ikarashi Y and Maruyama Y. (1995). Immunohistochemical and neurochemical studies of hippocampal cholinergic neurones after ischaemia. Neuroreport. 6:557-560. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199502000-00037
  10. John C. (1976). The mycenaean world. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. p.120.
  11. Johnston AM, Tanaka DL, Miller PR, Brandt SA, Nielsen DC, Lafond GP, and Riveland NR. (2002). Oilseed crops for semiarid cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal. 94:231-240. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.0231
  12. Jover T, Tanaka H, Calderone A, Oguro K, Bennett MVL, Etgen AM and Zukin RS. (2002). Estrogen protects against global ischemia-induced neuronal death and prevents activation of apoptotic signaling cascades in the hippocampal CA1. Journal of Neuroscience. 22:2115-2124.
  13. Kang SY, Lee KY, Park MJ, Kim YC, Markelonis GJ, Oh TH and Kim YC. (2003). Decursin from Angelica gigas mitigates amnesia induced by scopolamine in mice. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 79:11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7427(02)00007-2
  14. Kim JY, Ju HS, Ban JY, Song KS, Bae KH and Seong YH. (2009). Protective effect of Vitis amurensis stems and leaves extract on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative neuronal cell damage in cultured neurons. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 17:68-74.
  15. Kim JY, Kweon KK, Lee HK, Kim SH, Yoo JK, Bae KH and Seong YH. (2011). Protective effect of an ethanol extract mixture of Curcuma longae Radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae Radix on oxidative neuronal damage. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 19:31-37. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2011.19.1.031
  16. Lee SE, Shim IS, Kim GS, Yim SB, Park HJ, Shim HS, Ye MS and Kim SU. (2011). The Neuroprotective effect of white ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) on the Trimethyltin (TMT)-induced memory deficit rats. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 19:456-463. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2011.19.6.456
  17. Luo J, Fang ZP, Zhou LM and Lai ST. (2004). Effects of Carthamus tinctorius injection on bcl-2, caspase-3 expression related to neurons apoptosis after local cerebral ischemia. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 29:977-980.
  18. Milner B, Squire LR and Kandel ER. (1998). Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory. Neuron. 20:445-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80987-3
  19. Pomponi M, Giacobini E and Brufani M. (1990). Present state and future development of the therapy of Alzheimer disease. Aging(Milano). 2:125-153.
  20. Pulsinelli WA and Brierley J. (1979). New model of bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. Stroke. 10:267-272. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.10.3.267
  21. Rhandi S, Andrea MM, Glenda MM and Geoffery BCH. (2009). Increased choline-containing compounds in the orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Research-Neuroimaging. 172:205-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.07.007
  22. Sakuma M, Hyakawa N, Kato H and Araki T. (2008). Time dependent changes of striatal interneurons after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Journal of Neural Transmission. 115:413-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0860-z
  23. Shaw MR, Huxman TE and Lund CP. (2005). Modern and future semi-arid and arid ecosystems. In Ehleringer JR. et al. (eds.). A history of atmospheric $CO_2$ and its effects on plants, animals, and ecosystems. Springer Science and Business Media Inc. New York. NY, USA. 415-416.
  24. Soma S, Suematsu N and Shimegi S. (2013) Cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, improves visual contrast detectability in freely behaving rats. Behavioural Brain Research. 256: 362-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.022
  25. Song JC, Park NK, Hur HS, Bang MH and Baek NI. (2000). Examination and isolation of natural antioxidants from Korean medicinal plants. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 8:94-101.
  26. Sussman JL, Hamel M, Filow F and Goodman A. (1991). Atomic structure of acetylcholinetserase. Science. 253:872-880. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1678899
  27. Suzuki K, Tsubaki S, Fujita M, Koyama N, Takahashi M and Takazawa K. (2010). Effects of safflower seed extract aon arterial stiffness. Vascular Health and Risk Managenment. 3:1007-1014.
  28. Vales K and Stuchlik A. (2005). Central muscarinic blockade interferes with retrieval and reacquisition of active allothetic place avoidance despite spatial pretraining. Behavioural Brain Research. 16:238-244.
  29. Zhu HB, Zhang L, Wang ZH, Tian JW, Fu FH, Liu K and Li CL. (2005). Therapeutic effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A on focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats and its primary mechanisms. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. 7:607-613. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020310001625120

Cited by

  1. Effect of Immature Citrus sunki Peel Extract on Neuronal Cell Death vol.23, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2015.23.2.144