DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

On the fatigue behavior of support structures for offshore wind turbines

  • Alati, N. (Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), University "Mediterranea" of Reggio Calabria) ;
  • Nava, V. (Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Parque Cientifico y Tecnologico de Bizkaia) ;
  • Failla, G. (Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), University "Mediterranea" of Reggio Calabria) ;
  • Arena, F. (Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), University "Mediterranea" of Reggio Calabria) ;
  • Santini, A. (Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), University "Mediterranea" of Reggio Calabria)
  • Received : 2012.11.22
  • Accepted : 2013.10.04
  • Published : 2014.02.25

Abstract

It is believed that offshore wind farms may satisfy an increasing portion of the energy demand in the next years. This paper presents a comparative study of the fatigue performances of tripod and jacket steel support structures for offshore wind turbines in waters of intermediate depth (20-50 m). A reference site at a water depth of 45 m in the North Atlantic Ocean is considered. The tripod and jacket support structures are conceived according to typical current design. The fatigue behavior is assessed in the time domain under combined stochastic wind and wave loading and the results are compared in terms of a lifetime damage equivalent load.

Keywords

References

  1. AlHamaydeh, M. and Hussain, S. (2011), "Optimized frequency-based foundation design for wind turbine towers utilizing soil-structure interaction", J. Frankln. I., 348(7), 1470-1487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2010.04.013
  2. Andersen, U.V. (2008), Load reduction of support structures of offshore wind turbines, Master thesis, Danish Technical University (DTU), Copenhagen.
  3. API RP 2A-WSD 21st edition, December 2000.
  4. Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V. and Barbaro, G. (2012), "Field experiment on random-wave forces on vertical cylinders", Probabilist. Eng. Mech., 28, 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2011.08.003
  5. Boccotti, P., Arena, F., Fiamma, V. and Romolo, A. (2013), "Two small-scale field experiments on the effectiveness of Morison's equation", Ocean Eng., 57(1), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.08.011
  6. Camp, T.R. et al. (2003), Design methods for offshore wind turbines at exposed sites, EU Joule III Project JOR3-CT98-0284, Final Report.
  7. Chakrabarti, S.K. (1987), Hydrodynamics of offshore structures, WIT Press, Boston, USA.
  8. Computers and Structures (CSI) (2010), SAP2000, Berkeley, USA.
  9. Daim, T.U., Bayraktaroglu, E., Estep, J., Lim, D.J., Upadhyay, J. and Yang, J. (2012), "Optimizing the NW off-shore wind turbine design", Math.Comput. Model., 55(3-4), 396-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2011.08.018
  10. Di Paola, M. and Failla, G. (2002), "Stochastic response of offshore structures by a new approach to statistical cubicization", J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 124, 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1425395
  11. DNV-RP-C205 (2010), Environmental conditions and environmental loads, Det Norske Veritas.
  12. De Vries, W. (2011), "UpWind_WP4_D4.2.8_Final Report WP4.2: Support structure concepts for deep water", UpWind deliverable D4.2.8, March 2011.
  13. Dong, W., Moan, T. and Gao, Z. (2011), "Long-term fatigue analysis of multi-planar tubular joints for jacket-type offshore wind turbine in time domain", Eng.Struct., 33(6), 2002-2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.02.037
  14. Dong, W., Moan, T. and Gao, Z. (2012), "Fatigue reliability analysis of the jacket support structure for offshore wind turbine considering the effect of corrosion and inspection", Reliab. Eng. Syst. Safe., 106, 11-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2012.06.011
  15. Elshafey, A.A., Haddara, M.R. and Marzouk, H. (2009), "Dynamic response of offshore jacket structures under random loads", Mar.Struct., 22(3), 504-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2009.01.001
  16. Garrad, H. and Partners (2009), Bladed for Windows, Bristol, UK.
  17. Hansen, M.O.L. (2008), Aerodynamics of wind turbines, 2ndEd., Earthscan, London, UK.
  18. Hasselmann, K., Barnett, T.P., Bouws, E., Carlson, H. et al. (1973). "Measurements of wind wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP)", Deut. Hydrogr. Zeit, A8, 1-95.
  19. Homepage, "Alpha Ventus": http://www.alpha-ventus.de.
  20. Homepage, "Beatrice Windfarm Demonstrator Project": http://www.beatricewind.co.uk.
  21. Homepage, "Waveclimate.com": http://www.waveclimate.com.
  22. ISSC specialist committee V.4 (2006), "Ocean wind and wave energy utilization", Proceedings of the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress, Southampton, U.K., 20-25 August.
  23. Jonkman, J., Butterfield, S., Musial, W. and Scott, G. (2009), Definition of a 5-MW reference wind turbine for offshore system development, Technical Report NREL/TP-500-38060, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
  24. Jonkman, J. and Musial, W. (2010), Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration (OC3) for IEA Task 23 Offshore Wind Technology and Deployment, Technical Report NREL/TP-5000-48191, December 2010.
  25. Kuhn, M. (2001), Dynamics and design optimisation of offshore wind energy conversion systems, Report no. 2001.002, Delft University Wind Energy Research Institute (DUWIND).
  26. Longuet-Higgins, M.S. (1963),"The effects of non-linearities on statistical distributions in the theory of sea waves", J. Fluid Mech., 17(3), 459-480. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112063001452
  27. Lozano-Minguez, E., Kolios, A.J. and Brennan, F.P. (2011), "Multi-criteria assessment of offshore wind turbine support structures", Renew. Energ., 36(11), 2831-2837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.020
  28. Manwell, J.F., McGowan, J.G. and Rogers, A.L. (2010), Wind energy explained: theory, design and application, 2nd Ed., Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  29. Matsuiski, M. and Endo, T. (1969), Fatigue of metals subjected to varying stress, Japan Soc. Mech., England.
  30. Petrini, F., Li, H. and Bontempi, F. (2010), "Basis of design and numerical modeling of offshore wind turbines", Struct. Eng. Mech., 36(5), 599-624. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2010.36.5.599
  31. Phillips, O.M. (1967), "The theory of wind generated waves", Adv. Hydrosci., 4, 119-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4831-9935-1.50009-4
  32. Sarpkaya, T. and Isaacson, M. (1981), Mechanics of wave forces on offshore structures, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
  33. Shinozuka, M. and Deodatis, G. (1988), "Stochastic process models for earthquake ground motion", Probabilist. Eng.Mech, 3(3), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-8920(88)90023-9
  34. Song, H., Robertson, A., Jonkman, J. and Sewell, D. (2012), "Incorporation of multi-member substructure capabilities in FAST for analysis of offshore wind turbines", Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, April 30 - May 3.
  35. Song, H., Damiani, R., Robertson, A. and Jonkman, J. (2013), "A new structural dynamics module for offshore multimember substructure within the wind turbine computer-aided engineering tool fast", Proceedings of the 23rd International Ocean, Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE), Anchorage, Alaska, June 30-July 5.
  36. Spanos, P.D. and Zeldin, B.A. (1998),"Monte Carlo treatment of random fields: A broad perspective", Appl. Mech. Rev., 51(3).
  37. Subroto, H., Narold, R., van Gilst, R., Kooijman, H.J. and Peeringa, J.M. (2006), "Bottom founded steel support structure for offshore wind turbines in deeper waters of North Sea", Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition (EWEC), Athens , 27 February - 2 March.
  38. Sutherland, H.J. (1999), On the fatigue analysis of wind turbines, Report no. SAND99-0089, Sandia National Laboratories.
  39. Thomsen, K. (1998), The statistical variation of wind turbine fatigue loads, Report Riso-R-1063(EN), Riso National Laboratory, Denmark.
  40. Van der Tempel, J. (2006), Design of support structures for offshore wind turbines, Report no. 2006.029, Delft University Wind Energy Research Institute (DUWIND).
  41. Van der Tempel, J. and Molenaar, D.P. (2002), "Wind turbine structural dynamics - A review of the principles for modern power generation, onshore and offshore", Wind Eng., 26(4), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1260/030952402321039412
  42. Zaaijer, M.B. (2006), "Foundation modelling to assess dynamic behaviour of offshore wind turbines", Appl. Ocean Res., 28(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2006.03.004
  43. Zaaijer, M.B. (2009), "Review of knowledge development for the design of offshore wind energy technology", Wind Energy, 12(5), 411-430. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.349

Cited by

  1. Dynamic reliability analysis of offshore wind turbine support structure under earthquake vol.21, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.21.6.609
  2. Natural frequency of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines considering pile-soil-interaction with material uncertainties and scouring depth vol.21, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.21.6.625
  3. Reliability analysis of laterally loaded piles for an offshore wind turbine support structure using response surface methodology vol.21, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2015.21.6.597
  4. New perspectives in offshore wind energy vol.373, pp.2035, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0228
  5. Behavior of closely spaced double-pile-supported jacket foundations for offshore wind energy converters vol.58, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2016.04.008
  6. FE simulation of S-N curves for a riveted connection using two-stage fatigue models vol.2, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/acd.2017.2.4.333
  7. Scour influence on the fatigue life of operational monopile‐supported offshore wind turbines vol.21, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2187
  8. Soil Interaction and Grout Behavior for the NREL Reference Monopile Offshore Wind Turbine vol.8, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040298