Structural Monitoring and Maintenance

  • 제1권2호
  • /
  • Pages.183-195
  • /
  • 2014
  • /
  • 2288-6605(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-6613(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A distributed piezo-polymer scour net for bridge scour hole topography monitoring

  • Loh, Kenneth J. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California) ;
  • Tom, Caroline (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California) ;
  • Benassini, Joseph L. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California) ;
  • Bombardelli, Fabian A. (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California)
  • 투고 : 2014.01.26
  • 심사 : 2014.06.04
  • 발행 : 2014.06.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Scour is one of the leading causes of overwater bridge failures worldwide. While monitoring systems have already been implemented or are still being developed, they suffer from limitations such as high costs, inaccuracies, and low reliability, among others. Also, most sensors only measure scour depth at one location and near the pier. Thus, the objective is to design a simple, low cost, scour hole topography monitoring system that could better characterize the entire depth, shape, and size of bridge scour holes. The design is based on burying a robust, waterproofed, piezoelectric sensor strip in the streambed. When scour erodes sediments to expose the sensor, flowing water excites it to cause the generation of time-varying voltage signals. An algorithm then takes the time-domain data and maps it to the frequency-domain for identifying the sensor's resonant frequency, which is used for calculating the exposed sensor length or scour depth. Here, three different sets of tests were conducted to validate this new technique. First, a single sensor was tested in ambient air, and its exposed length was varied. Upon verifying the sensing concept, a waterproofed prototype was buried in soil and tested in a tank filled with water. Sensor performance was characterized as soil was manually eroded away, which simulated various scour depths. The results confirmed that sensor resonant frequencies decreased with increasing scour depths. Finally, a network of 11 sensors was configured to form a distributed monitoring system in the lab. Their exposed lengths were adjusted to simulate scour hole formation and evolution. Results showed promise that the proposed sensing system could be scaled up and used for bridge scour topography monitoring.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : National Science Foundation (NSF)

참고문헌

  1. Ayres. (2004), Field manual - scour critical bridges: High-flow monitoring and emergency procedures. Boise, Idaho: Idaho Department of Transportation.
  2. Barkdoll, B.D., Ettema, R. and Melville, B.W. (2007), NCHRP report 587 - countermeasures to protect bridge abutments from scour. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 1-216.
  3. Deng, L. and Cai, C.S. (2010), "Bridge scour: Prediction, modeling, monitoring, and countermeasures - a review", Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr., 15(2), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000041
  4. Gee, K.W. (2008), Action: National bridge inspection standards - plan of action for scour critical bridges. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Washington DC.
  5. Hunt, B.E. (2009), NCHRP synthesis 396 - monitoring scour critical bridges. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 1-65.
  6. Lin, Y.B., Lai, J.S., Chang, K.C. and Li, L.S. (2006), "Flood scour monitoring system using fiber bragg grating sensors", Smart Mater. Struct., 15(6), 1950-1959. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/15/6/051
  7. Liu, Y.T., Tong, J.H., Lin, Y., Lee, T.H. and Chang, C.F. (2010), "Real-time bridge scouring safety monitoring system using mobile wireless technology", Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing.
  8. Lueker, M., Marr, J., Ellis, C., Hendrickson, A. and Winsted, V. (2010), "Bridge scour monitoring technologies: Development of evaluation and selection protocols for application on river bridges in Minnesota", Proceedings of the International Conference on Scour and Erosion 2010 , 949-957.
  9. Radchenko, A., Pommerenke, D., Chen, G., Maheshwari, P., Shinde, S., Pilla, V. and Zheng, Y.R. (2013), "Real time bridge scour monitoring with magneto-inductive field coupling", Proceedings of SPIE - Smart Structures/NDE. San Diego, CA, 86922A.
  10. Ryu, D., Loh, K.J., Ireland, R., Karimzada, M., Yaghmaie, F. and Gusman, A.M. (2011), "In-situ reduction of gold nanoparticles in PDMS matrices and applications for large strain sensing", Smart Struct. Syst. 8(5), 471-486. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2011.8.5.471
  11. Schall, J.D. and Davies, P. (1999), "Instrumentation for measuring scour at bridge piers and abutments", TR News, 32-33.
  12. Schall, J.D., Price, G.R., Fisher, G.A., Lagasse, P.F. and Richardson, E.V. (1997), NCHRP report 397a - sonar scour monitor: Installation, operation, and fabrication manual. Washington DC: Transportation Resesarch Board, 1-38.
  13. Schneider, F., Fellner, T., Wilde, J. and Wallrabe, U. (2008), "Mechanical properties of silicones for MEMS", J. Micromech. Microeng., 18(6), 065008. https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/18/6/065008
  14. Wang, C.Y., Wang, H.L. and Ho, C.C. (2012) "A piezoelectric film type scour monitoring system for bridge pier", Adv. Struct. Eng., 15(6), 897-906. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.15.6.897
  15. Wang, T.T., Herbert, J.M. and Glass, A.M. (1988), The applications of ferroelectric polymers, London: Blackie and Son Ltd.
  16. Zarafshan, A., Iranmanesh, A. and Ansari, F. (2012), "Vibration-based method and sensor for monitoring of bridge scour", J. Bridge Eng., 17, 829-838. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000362
  17. Zhou, Z., Huang, M., Huang, L., Ou, J. and Chen, G. (2011), "An optical fiber bragg grating sensing system for scour monitoring", Adv. Struct. Eng., 14(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.14.1.67