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Recent Update in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation의 최근 동향

  • Kim, Haejin (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kang, Kyungmin (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Sujin (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University) ;
  • Im, Eunok (Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University)
  • 김혜진 (부산대학교 약학대학 약학과) ;
  • 강경민 (부산대학교 약학대학 약학과) ;
  • 김수진 (부산대학교 약학대학 약학과) ;
  • 임은옥 (부산대학교 약학대학 약학과)
  • Received : 2014.10.28
  • Accepted : 2014.11.19
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

Gut microbiota is a group of microorganisms that resides in the intestine and serves many important functions in human health. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing analysis, a wide variety of bacteria in human gastrointestinal tract has been identified along with intriguing findings that there is a different bacterial composition among individuals. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a procedure of stool transplantation from healthy donors to patients suffering from various diseases. Specifically, FMT is able to alter the composition of gut microbiota of recipients and therefore could be an effective treatment for the patients with gastrointestinal diseases including recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. Here we review a list of human diseases related to gut microbiota disturbance and the case studies of FMT. We also summarize medicines and diagnostic tools that are under development. Therefore, gut microbiota can be a next generation's biotherapy for promotion of health and treatment of chronic diseases.

장내 미생물은 사람의 장에 거주하는 미생물 집단으로 자신들의 효소를 이용해 사람에게 직접적인 에너지원이 되는 대사산물을 만들기도 하고 병원성 미생물의 침입에 대응하기도 하며 소화관의 구조와 기능유지 및 면역계의 발달에 영향을 미치는 등의 중요한 기능을 수행한다. 최근 다양한 분석기술을 통해 사람의 장에 있는 다종 및 다수의 미생물의 구성을 관찰하였고 그 결과 특정 질병을 지닌 사람의 장내 미생물 구성은 건강한 사람의 일반적인 구성과 다르다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 발견을 바탕으로 건강한 사람의 대변에 있는 장내 미생물을 질병을 지닌 수여자에게 이식하는 fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) 시술이 각광을 받기 시작하였다. FMT는 장내 미생물의 구성변화로 인해 나타나는 여러 질병에 치료제로 적용할 수 있는데 특히 재발률이 높은 Clostridium difficile 감염에서 활발한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이 논문은 지금까지 밝혀진 장내 미생물과 관련된 질병들의 종류와 실제 질병에 FMT를 적용한 사례 등을 정리하고 장내 미생물을 이용하여 현재 연구개발 중인 치료제나 진단도구의 예를 기술함으로써 장내 미생물의 사람의 건강증진과 질병치료를 위한 차세대 생물학적 치료제로서의 가능성을 고찰하고자 한다.

Keywords

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