DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Real-time hybrid simulation of a multi-story wood shear wall with first-story experimental substructure incorporating a rate-dependent seismic energy dissipation device

  • Shao, Xiaoyun (Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Western Michigan University) ;
  • van de Lindt, John (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University) ;
  • Bahmani, Pouria (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University) ;
  • Pang, Weichiang (Glenn Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clemson University) ;
  • Ziaei, Ershad (Glenn Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clemson University) ;
  • Symans, Michael (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy) ;
  • Tian, Jingjing (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy) ;
  • Dao, Thang (Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama)
  • Received : 2014.05.20
  • Accepted : 2014.08.20
  • Published : 2014.12.25

Abstract

Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) of a stacked wood shear wall retrofitted with a rate-dependent seismic energy dissipation device (viscous damper) was conducted at the newly constructed Structural Engineering Laboratory at the University of Alabama. This paper describes the implementation process of the RTHS focusing on the controller scheme development. An incremental approach was adopted starting from a controller for the conventional slow pseudodynamic hybrid simulation and evolving to the one applicable for RTHS. Both benchmark-scale and full-scale tests are discussed to provide a roadmap for future RTHS implementation at different laboratories and/or on different structural systems. The developed RTHS controller was applied to study the effect of a rate-dependent energy dissipation device on the seismic performance of a multi-story wood shear wall system. The test specimen, setup, program and results are presented with emphasis given to inter-story drift response. At 100% DBE the RTHS showed that the multi-story shear wall with the damper had 32% less inter-story drift and was noticeably less damaged than its un-damped specimen counterpart.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Science Foundation

References

  1. Ahmadizadeh, M. and Mosqueda, G. (2008), "Hybrid simulation with improved operator-splitting integration using experimental tangent stiffness matrix estimation", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 134(12), 1829-1838. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:12(1829)
  2. Applied Technology Council (2009), Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors, FEMA P-695, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC
  3. Carrion, J.E. and Spencer, B.F. (2008), "Real-time hybrid testing using model-based delay compensation", Smart Struct. Syst., 4(6), 809-828. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2008.4.6.809
  4. Chae, Y., Ricles, J. and Sause, R. (2013), "Large-scale experimental studies of structural control algorithms for structures with magnetorheological dampers using real-time hybrid simulation", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 139, 1215-1226. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000691
  5. Chen, C., Ricles, J.M., Marullo, T.M. and Mercan, O. (2008), "Real-time hybrid testing using the unconditionally stable explicit CR integration algorithm", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 38(1), 23-44.
  6. Chen, C., Sharma, R. and Pong, W. (2013), "Assessing reliability of real-time hybrid simulation results using a probabilistic approach", Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Lisbon, Portugal.
  7. Darby, A.P., Blakeborough, A. and Williams, M.S. (1999), "Real-time substructure tests using hydraulic actuator", J. Eng. Mech.- ASCE, 125(10), 1133-1139. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1999)125:10(1133)
  8. Dion, C., Bouaanani, N., Tremblay, R., Lamarche, C.P. and Leclerc, M. (2011), "Real-time dynamic substructuring testing of viscous seismic protective devices for bridge structures", Eng. Struct., 33(12), 3351-3363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.06.021
  9. Dion, C., Bouaanani, N., Tremblay, R. and Lamarche, C. (2012), "Real-time dynamic substructuring testing of a bridge equipped with friction-based seismic isolators", J. Bridge Eng., 17(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000199
  10. Dolan, J.D. (1989), The dynamic response of timber shear walls, Ph.D.thesis, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
  11. Folz, B. and Filiatrault, A. (2001), "Cyclic analysis of wood shear walls", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 127(4), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:4(433)
  12. Griffith, C., Shao, X., van de Lindt, J.W., Bahmani, P., Pang, W. and Ziaei, E. (2013), "Hybrid simulation of a wood shear wall frame", Proceedings of the ASCE 2013 Structures Congress, Pittsburgh, PA.
  13. Horiuchi, T., Inoue, M., Konno, T. and Namita, Y. (1999), "Real-time hybrid experimental system with actuator delay compensation and its application to a piping system with energy absorber", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 28(10), 1121-1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199910)28:10<1121::AID-EQE858>3.0.CO;2-O
  14. http://www.teamviewer.com/en/index.aspx,last accessed June 30,2013.
  15. Kamada, T., Yasumura, M., Yasui, S., Davenne, L. and Uesugi, M. (2011), "Pseudodynamic tests and earthquake response analysis of timber structures III: three-dimensional conventional wooden structures with plywood-sheathed shear walls", J. Wood Sci., 57(6), 484-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-011-1198-6
  16. Krawinkler, H., Parisi, F., Ibarra, L., Ayoub, A. and Medina, R. (2001), Development of a testing protocol for woodframe structures, CUREE Publication, No. W-02, Richmond, Calif.
  17. Lamarche, C.P., Tremblay, R., Léger, P., Leclerc, M. and Bursi, O.S. (2010), "Comparison between real-time dynamic substructuring and shake table testing techniques for nonlinear seismic applications", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 39(12),1299-1320.
  18. Mercan, O. and Ricles J.M. (2009), "Experimental studies on real-time testing of structures with elastomeric dampers", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 135(9), 1124-1133. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:9(1124)
  19. Nakashima, M. Kato, H. and Takaoka, E. (1992), "Development of real-time pseudo dynamic testing", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 21(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290210106
  20. Pang, W., Rosowsky, D.V., Pei, S. and van de Lindt, J.W. (2007), "Evolutionary parameter hysteretic model for wood shearwalls", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 133(8), 1118-1129. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:8(1118)
  21. Pang, W., Ziaei1, E., Shao, X. and van de Lindt, J. (2014), "Collapse modeling and hybrid simulation of a three-story light-frame wood building", Proceedings of the ASCE 2014 Structures Congress, Boston, April, 3-5.
  22. Phillips, B. and Spencer, B., Jr. (2013), "Model-based feed forward-feedback actuator control for real-time hybrid simulation", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 139, 1205-1214. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000606
  23. Richard, N., Yasumura, M. and Davenne, L. (2003), "Prediction of seismic behavior of wood-framed shear walls with openings by pseudodynamic test and FE model", J. Wood Sci., 49(2), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100860300023
  24. Saouma, V., Haussmann, G., Kang, D. and Ghannoum, W. (2013), "Real time hybrid simulation of a non-ductile reinforced concrete frame", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000813 (Feb. 1, 2013).
  25. Shao, X. and Enyart, G. (2012), "Development of a versatile hybrid testing system for seismic experimentation", Exp. Tech., 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2012.00837.x.
  26. Shao, X., van de Lindt, J.W., Bahmani, P., Pang, W., Ziaei, E., Symans, M., Tian, J. and Dao, T. (2014), Real-Time Hybrid Simulation of Multi-story Wood Shear Walls, Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)(distributor). Dataset. DOI: TBD.
  27. Shing, P.B., Stavridis, A., Wei, Z., Stauffer, E., Wallen, R. and Jung, R.Y. (2006). "Validation of a fast hybrid test system with substructure test", Proceedings of the 17th Analysis and Computation Specialty Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
  28. Sigaher, A.N. and Constantinou, M.C. (2003), "Scissor-jack-damper energy dissipation system", J. Earthq. Spectra., 19(1), 133-158. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1540999
  29. Stewart, W.G. (1987), The seismic design of plywood sheathed shearwall, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  30. Tian, J., Symans, M.D., Gershfeld, M., van de Lindt, J.W., Bahmani, P., Ziaei, E., Pang, W. and Shao, X. (2014), "Seismic performance of a full-scale soft-Story woodframed building with energy dissipation retrofit", Proceedings of the 10th National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (10NCEE), Anchorage, Alaska, July.
  31. van de Lindt, J.W., Symans, M.D., Pang, W., Shao, X. and Gershfeld, M. (2012), "The NEES-Soft project: Seismic risk reduction for soft-story woodframe buildings", Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, September 24-28.
  32. van de Lindt, J., Bahmani, P., Pryor, S., Mochizuki G., Gershfeld, M., Pang, W., Ziaei, E., Jennings, E., Symans, M. Shao, X., Tian, J. and Rammer, D. (2014), "NEES-Soft experimental program for seismic risk reduction of soft-story woodframe buildings", Proceedings of the ASCE 2014 Structures Congress, Boston, April, 3-5.
  33. Yasumura, M. and Yasui, S. (2006), "Pseudodynamic tests and earthquake response analysis of timber structures I: plywood-sheathed conventional wooden walls with opening", J. Wood Sci., 52(1), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-005-0728-5
  34. Yasumura, M., Kamada, T., Imura, Y., Uesugi, M. and Daudeville, L. (2006), "Pseudodynamic tests and earthquake response analysis of timber structures II: two-level conventional wooden structures with plywood sheathed shear walls", J. Wood Sci., 52(1), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-005-0729-4

Cited by

  1. Development of a hybrid simulation controller for full-scale experimental investigation of seismic retrofits for soft-story woodframe buildings vol.45, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2704
  2. Seismic assessment of a three-story wood building with an integrated CLT-lightframe system using RTHS 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.025
  3. Real-Time Hybrid Simulation with Online Model Updating: Methodology and Implementation vol.142, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000987
  4. Hybrid System of Unbonded Post-Tensioned CLT Panels and Light-Frame Wood Shear Walls vol.143, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001665
  5. Seismic protection technologies for timber structures: a review vol.77, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-019-01389-9
  6. Full-Scale Experimental Verification of Soft-Story-Only Retrofits of Wood-Frame Buildings using Hybrid Testing vol.19, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.975896
  7. Full-Scale Experimental Investigation of Second-Story Collapse Behavior in a Woodframe Building with an Over-Retrofitted First Story vol.30, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000736
  8. Nonlinear Numerical Model of Post-Tensioned Elastic Rocking Panels for Application in Building Structural Analysis vol.146, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002498
  9. An adaptive delay compensation method based on a discrete system model for real-time hybrid simulation vol.25, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.5.569
  10. Shaking Table Substructure Testing Based on Three-Variable Control Method with Velocity Positive Feedback vol.10, pp.16, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165414