Korean Circulation Journal

The Korean Society of Cardiology (대한심장학회)
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High Sodium Intake in Women with Metabolic Syndrome

  • Rhee, Moo-Yong (Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Hyun (Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Seok (Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Chung, Jin-Wook (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Bae, Jun-Ho (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Nah, Deuk-Young (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Kwon (Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Myoung-Mook (Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Lim, Chi-Yeon (Clinical Trial Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Byun, Jae-Eon (Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Food Nutrition and Dietary Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Park, Hye-Kyung (Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Food Nutrition and Dietary Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Kang, Baeg-Won (Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Food Nutrition and Dietary Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Wook (Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Food Nutrition and Dietary Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Woong (Department of Statistics, Survey Research Center, Dongguk University)
  • Received : 2013.06.26
  • Accepted : 2013.11.18
  • Published : 2014.01.30
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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome and high sodium intake are associated with frequent cardiovascular events. Few studies have estimated sodium intake in subjects with metabolic syndrome by 24-hour urine sodium excretion. We evaluated sodium intake in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Subjects and Methods: Participants were recruited by random selection and through advertisement. Twenty four-hour urine collection, ambulatory blood pressure measurements, and blood test were performed. Sodium intake was estimated by 24-hour urine sodium excretion. Participants receiving antihypertensive medications were excluded from analysis. Results: Among the 463 participants recruited, subjects with metabolic syndrome had higher levels of 24-hour urine sodium excretion than subjects without metabolic syndrome (p=0.0001). There was a significant relationship between the number of metabolic syndrome factors and 24-hour urine sodium excretion (p=0.001). The proportion of subjects with metabolic syndrome was increased across the tertile groups of 24-hour urine sodium excretion (p<0.0001). The association of high sodium intake and metabolic syndrome was significant only among women. Among the factors related to metabolic syndrome, body mass index had an independent association with 24-hour urine sodium excretion (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Women with metabolic syndrome exhibited significantly higher sodium intake, suggesting that dietary education to reduce sodium consumption should be emphasized for women with metabolic syndrome.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Korea Food and Drug Administration, Korean Society of Cardiology

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