DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Stress Sound on the Development of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens

아메리카동애등에 발육에 미치는 스트레스 음파 효과

  • 박지영 (안동대학교 자연과학대학 생명자원과학과) ;
  • 이상훈 ((주) 그린테코) ;
  • 이한웅 (한국생산기술연구원) ;
  • 김용균 (안동대학교 자연과학대학 생명자원과학과)
  • Received : 2013.04.15
  • Accepted : 2013.07.01
  • Published : 2013.09.01

Abstract

The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a generalist detritivore that is usually exploited for recycling environmental wastes, including food remnants. These insects can also be used to produce antibiotics for medical applications. For this purpose, flies need to be mass-reared using an automatic rearing system that generates various sounds. Insects use sound as a means of communication for mating or warning against predators. Thus, extrinsic sounds may interrupt the normal physiological processes of insects. In this study, we analyzed the physiological changes due to various sound treatments at $25^{\circ}C$ and 8:16 h (L:D) photoperiod. At 95 dB, larvae were exposed to different sound frequencies (0-5,000 Hz). The treated larvae were adversely affected by the high-frequency sounds and showed significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence. Different sound intensities (0-105 dB) at 5,000 Hz caused significant changes in the pupation and survival of the adults at 85 dB or above. Under a stress sound condition (5,000 Hz, 95 dB), the BSF larvae exhibited aberrations in the expression of genes related to the immune system and digestion. These results indicate that high-frequency sound treatments at or above 85 dB act as a stress sound to BSF development.

잡식성인 아메리카동애등에(Hermetia illucens)는 최근 음식물 쓰레기를 처리하는 환경 정화용 곤충으로 알려져 있을 뿐만 아니라 항생물질을 분비하여 여러 방면에 산업적으로 이용될 가능성이 보이고 있다. 또한 대량적으로 사육이 가능하여 전 사육과정을 자동화하는 기반에서 생산화가 진행되고 있는데 이때 가동되는 기계에서 소음이 발생하게 된다. 곤충에게 소리는 주로 짝짓기나 보호를 위해 사용되기 때문에 이러한 소음은 곤충에게 스트레스로 작용될 수 있다. 본 실험은 동애등에 발육에 미치는 음파의 영향 평가는 최적의 발육 조건인 $25^{\circ}C$와 광조건 8:16 h(L:D)에 실시되었다. 분석된 음파는 95 dB 조건에서 상이한 주파수(0-5,000 Hz)를 유충에 처리하였다. 주파수가 증가함에 따라 용화율과 우화율이 현격하게 낮아졌다. 다음으로 동일한 주파수(5,000 Hz)에서 소리세기(0-105 dB)를 다양하게 처리한 경우 85 dB 이상의 음파가 동애등에의 발육을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 또한 동애등에 발육에 영향을 주는 음파 조건(5,000 Hz, 95 dB)이 일부 면역 및 소화 유전자들의 발현을 교란시켰다. 이상의 결과는 85 dB 이상 고주파 음파 처리가 동애등에의 발육에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Erickson, M.C., Islam, M., Sheppard, C., Liao, J., Doyle, M.P., 2004. Reduction of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in chicken manure by larvae of the black soldier fly. J. Food Protect. 67, 685-690.
  2. Feingold, K.R., Funk, J.L., Moser, A.H., Shigenaga, J.K., Rapp, J.H., Grunfeld, C., 1995. Role of circulating lipoprotein from endotoxin toxicity. Infect. Immunol. 63, 2041-2046.
  3. Haskell, P.T., 1957. Stridulation and associated behaviour in certain Orthoptera. I. Analysis of the stridulation of, and behaviour between males. Anim. Beh. 5, 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5601(57)80020-3
  4. Hoy, R.R., Robert, D., 1996. Tympanal hearing in insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 41, 433-450. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.002245
  5. Jang, Y., 2011. Insect communication: concepts, channels and contexts. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 50, 383-393. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2011.50.4.383
  6. Kim, J., Choi, Y., Choi, J., Kim, W., Jeong, G., Park, K., Hwang, S., 2008. Ecology of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in Korea. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 47, 337-343. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2008.47.4.337
  7. Kim, W., Bae, S., Park, K., Lee, S., Choi, Y., Han, S., Koh, Y., 2011. Biochemical characterization of digestive enzymes in the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 14, 11-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2010.11.003
  8. Kim, Y., Son, Y., Park, B., 2012a. Analysis of physiological alterations in development and mating behavior by ultrasound treatment in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 51, 223-230. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2012.05.0.029
  9. Kim, Y., Son, Y., Seo. S., Park, B., Park, J., 2012b. Biochemical analysis of physiological stress induced by high frequency sound treatment in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 51, 255-263. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2012.06.0.009
  10. Landi, S., 1960. Bacteriostatic effect of hemolymph of larvae of various botflies. Can. J. Microbiol. 6, 115-119. https://doi.org/10.1139/m60-013
  11. McIver, S.B., 1985. Mechanoreception. pp. 71-132. In Comprehensive insect physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology, vol. 6, eds. by G.A. Kerkut and L.I. Gilbert. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
  12. Natori, S., 1995. Antimicrobial proteins of insects and their clinical application. Nippon Rinsho. 5, 1297-1304.
  13. Newton, G.L., Booram, C.V., Barker, R.W., Hale, O.M., 1997. Dried Hermetia illucens larvae meal as a supplement for swine. J. Anim. Sci. 44, 395-400.
  14. Park, J., Prasad, S.V., Kim, Y., 2011a. Effects of sound stress on physiological processes of the american leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii, and proteomic analysis. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 50, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2011.06.0.18
  15. Park, J., Seok, J., Prasad, S.V., Kim, Y., 2011b. Sound stress alters physiological processes in digestion and immunity and enhances insecticide susceptibility of Spodoptera exigua. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 50, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2011.02.0.002
  16. SAS Institute, Inc., 1989. SAS/STAT user's guide, Release 6.03, Ed. Cary, N.C.
  17. Seok, J., Kang, T., Kim, Y., 2010. Sound stress induces developmental alterations and enhances insecticide susceptibility in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Kor. J. Pestic. Sci. 14, 415-420.
  18. Sheppard, D.C., Tomberlin, J.K., Joyce, J.A., Kiser, B.C., Sumner, S.M., 2002. Rearing methods for the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). J. Med. Entomol. 39, 695-698. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-39.4.695
  19. Sherman, R.A., Hall, M.J.R., Thomas, S., 2000. Medical maggots: an ancient remedy for some contemporary afflictions. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 45, 55-81. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.55
  20. Sismondo, E., 1980. Physical characteristics of the drumming of Meconema thalassinum. J. Insect Physiol. 26, 209-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(80)90082-7
  21. Son, Y., Kim, Y., 2011. Immunosuppression induced by entomopathogens is rescued by addition of apolipophorin III in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 106, 217-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2010.09.023
  22. Stephen, R.O., Hartley, J.C., 1995. Sound production in crickets. J. Exp. Biol. 198, 2139-2152.
  23. The Korean Society of Entomology, Korean Society of Applied Entomology [KSE and KSAE], 1994. Check List of Insects from Korea. Kon-Kuk University Press, Seoul.
  24. Weers, P.M.M., Ryan, R.O., 2003. Apolipophorin III: a lipid-triggered molecular switch. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33, 1249-1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.06.013
  25. Weers, P.M.M., Ryan, R.O., 2006. Apolipophorin III: role model apolipoprotein. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 36, 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.01.001
  26. Young, D., Bennet-Clark, H.C. 1995. The role of the tymbal in cicada sound production. J. Exp. Biol. 198, 1001-1019.

Cited by

  1. Identification and Physiological Characters of Intestinal Bacteria of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens vol.53, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2013.09.0.049