Korean journal of applied entomology (한국응용곤충학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Entomology (한국응용곤충학회)
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Short-term Changes in Ant Communities after Forest Fire

산불 후 개미군집의 단기변화

  • Lee, Cheol Min (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kwon, Tae-Sung (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • 이철민 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과) ;
  • 권태성 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과)
  • Received : 2013.04.29
  • Accepted : 2013.06.18
  • Published : 2013.09.01
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Abstract

Forest fires disturb communities of forest-dwelling insects by killing or dispersal. Species diversity, species composition, and functional guilds of ant communities will be changed following forest fires. A survey of ants was conducted to find changes in ant communities after a large fire occurred in Goseong within Gwangwon province in South Korea in 1996. In total, 1,308 ants representing 16 species were collected; 696 ants representing 15 species were collected at the burned site, and 612 ants representing 13 species were collected at the unburned site. Contrary to the general expectation which predicts a decrease of diversity and abundance after fire, abundance, species diversity, species composition, and functional guilds of ant communities did not differ between the burned site and the unburned site. Furthermore, estimated species richness was significantly higher at the burned site than at the unburned site. However, monthly occurrences of ants (abundant species and pooled) were different between the burned site and the unburned site. Ants were more abundant at the burned sites than the unburned site just after the fire (May 1996). However, they were more abundant at the unburned site than the burned site in autumn (September and October 1996). This phenomenon might be caused by environmental change (e.g., decrease of soil moisture). In conclusion, the fire did not significantly change ant fauna, as fire in spring cannot destroy ant colonies that are wintering in deep soils.

산불은 산림에 서식하는 곤충들을 죽이거나 분산시킴으로서 그들의 군집을 교란한다. 산불 후 개미군집은 종다양성, 종구성, 기능군 구성이 달라질 것이다. 본 연구는 1996년 강원도 고성에서 발생한 대형 산불 직후 일년동안 산불지와 비산불지의 개미군집의 변화를 비교하기 위해서 수행되었다. 총 16종 1,308개체의 개미가 채집되었고, 산불지에서 15종 696개체, 비산불지에서 13종 612개체가 채집되었다. 산불 후 다양도와 풍부도가 감소될 것이란 일반적인 예상과는 달리 산불지와 비산불지는 개미군집의 풍부도, 종다양성, 종구성, 기능군 구성에서 차이가 없었고, 종풍부도(추정치)는 산불지가 비산불지 보다 오히려 높았다. 그러나 개미의 월별 출현양상은 (풍부종과 전체) 산불지와 비산불지 간에 많이 달랐다. 산불직후인 1996년 5월에는 산불지에서 개미가 더 많았으나, 가을(1996년 9월과 10월)에는 비산불지에서 개미가 더 많았다. 이는 산불지의 환경변화(토양건조 등)로 인해 개미개체군의 변동(개체군의 사멸 또는 이동)이 원인일 것이다. 결론적으로 봄에 발생하는 산불은 토양 깊이 월동하는 개미 군체를 파괴하지 못하기 때문에 산불은 개미상에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못했다.

Keywords

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