DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

서울지역 생활환경주변의 공기 중 석면분포 특성에 관한 연구

A Study on Characteristics of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations Using PCM and TEM in Life Environment Surroundings of Seoul

  • 이진효 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이수현 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김지희 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 오석률 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 신진호 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 엄석원 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 채영주 (서울특별시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이진숙 (인천광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 구자용 (서울시립대학교 환경공학과)
  • Lee, Jinhyo (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Suhyun (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Jihui (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Oh, Seokryul (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Shin, Jinho (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Eom, Seokwon (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Chae, Youngzoo (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Jinsook (Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon Metropolitan City) ;
  • Koo, Jayong (Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul)
  • 투고 : 2013.04.02
  • 심사 : 2013.09.09
  • 발행 : 2013.09.30

초록

본 연구에서는 서울지역 생활환경주변의 공기 중 석면농도 실태를 조사하기 위해서 PCM과 TEM을 이용하여 분기별로 지하철역사 13개소, 서울지역 대기측정소 4개소 및 각각의 인근 도로변 지역 1개소, 하천 6개소의 석재 주변, 주요 서울시내 터널 4개소 등에서 공기 중 석면농도를 측정하였다. 또한 일반대기 중 석면농도와 대표적 기후인자인 온도와의 상관성을 살펴보았으며, 기존 측정지점 중 비교적 많은 시민들이 이용하거나 환승이 되는 지하철역사 2개소와 대표적 대기측정소 2개소를 측정대상으로 시간대별 석면농도 변화추이를 파악하였다. PCM 분석결과, 전체 223개 시료 중 111개 시료에서(50%) 검출한계(7 fiber/$mm^2$) 이하로 나타났으며, 이 중 최대값은 0.0130 f/cc로 나타나는 등 일부시료에서 관리기준을 초과하였지만 TEM법을 이용한 추가분석 결과, 모두 불검출로 나타났다. 또한 TEM 분석결과, 124개 모든 시료에서 석면이 검출되지 않았다. 지하철역사, 서울지역 대기측정소 및 각각의 인근 도로변 지역, 하천 석재 주변, 터널에서의 평균농도는 각각 $0.0041{\pm}0.0027$ f/cc, $0.0015{\pm}0.0011$ f/cc, $0.0024{\pm}0.0012$ f/cc, $0.0016{\pm}0.0020$ f/cc로 모두 실내공기질 관리기준 0.01 f/cc을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 일반대기 중 석면농도와 온도와의 관계를 조사한 결과, 석면농도는 상대적으로 온도가 높은 시기에 높게 나타나는 등 온도와의 상관성(r = 0.660)이 어느 정도 유의함을 확인할 수 있었다. 지하철역사와 대기측정소를 대상으로 한 시간대별 공기 중 석면농도를 조사한 결과, 지하철역사의 경우, 상대적으로 온도가 높고, 유동인구가 많은 시간대에 석면농도가 높게 나타났으며, 반면에 대기측정소의 경우, 실외지역에서의 시료채취라는 특성 때문에 일일 중 시간대별 농도변화에서 일정한 패턴을 거의 찾아볼 수 없었다.

This study is purposed to evaluate the airborne asbestos concentrations in life environment surroundings in Seoul. In study, we investigated airborne asbestos concentrations in thirteen subway stations, four monitoring networks and each vicinity roadside, six stream surroundings, four tunnels quarterly and we also investigated relationship between the airborne asbestos concentrations and ambient temperature in monitoring networks and time-based airborne asbestos concentration variability for two typical monitoring networks, two subway stations transferred and used by lots of people through Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The airborne asbestos concentrations by PCM for 4 objects of study were less than the detection limit (7 fiber/$mm^2$) in 111 (50%) out of 223 samples. The highest concentration was 0.0130 f/cc. But additional TEM analysis result for samples exceeding the guideline value for indoor air quality (0.01 f/cc) proposed by the Ministry of Environment (Korea), no asbestos was detected. Similarly TEM analysis result for 124 samples, no asbestos was detected. The average airborne asbestos concentrations by PCM in subway stations, monitoring networks, streams and tunnels were $0.0041{\pm}0.0027$ f/cc, $0.0015{\pm}0.0011$ f/cc, $0.0024{\pm}0.0012$ f/cc and $0.0016{\pm}0.0020$ f/cc. All objects of study were satisfied with the guideline value for indoor air quality. The relationship between the airborne asbestos concentrations and ambient temperature in monitoring networks was generally positive correlation (r = 0.660). The higher ambient temperature was and the more transient population was, the airborne asbestos concentrations by time for two subway stations were increased. While the airborne asbestos concentrations for two monitoring networks showed no variation pattern according to time.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Hong, B. S., Mineralogy, Dongmyungsa, Seoul, pp. 415-146 (1983).
  2. Kim, H. W., "Asbestos Content in Friable Sprayed-on Surface Material and Airborne Fiber Concentrations in Commercial Buildings," Korean Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 5(2), 137-146 (1995).
  3. Choi, J. K., Paek, D. M. and Paik, N. W., "The Production, the Use, the Number of Workers and Exposure Level of Asbestos in Korea," Korean Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 8(2), 242-253 (1998).
  4. Artvinii, M. and Bais, Y. I., "Malignant mesotheliomas in a small village in the Anatolian region of Turkey," An Epidemiol. Study JNCI, 63, 17-22(1979).
  5. Christopher, B. Manning., Val, V. and Brooke, T. M., "Diseases caused by asbestos: mechanisms of injury and disease development," Int. Immunopharmacol., 2, 191-200(2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00172-2
  6. Chung, S.-N., Nam, E.-J., Hwang, S.-Y., Oh, S.-R., Shin, J.-H., Eom, S. W. and Chae, Y.-Z., "An Investigation on the Airborne Asbestos Concentrations using PCM and TEM in the Public Buildings in Seoul," J. Korean Soc. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 21(3), 139-145(2011).
  7. Fred, Curtis, "Monitoring the Presence of Asbestos in a Residential Apartment Building," Environ. Pollut., 71, 69-81 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(91)90045-X
  8. Kang, D. M., "Health Effects of Environmental Asbestos Exposure," J. Environ. Hlth. Sci., 35(2), 71-77(2009). https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2009.35.2.071
  9. Yun, I. G., Park, C. Y., Lee, W. C., Lim, Y. and Kim, K. A., "Epidemiological Survey on the Environment and Health Status in Asbestos Factories," Kor. J. Occup. Med., 5(1), 137-151(1993).
  10. Park, D. G., Choi, S. J. and Yoon, C. S., "Review on Occupational Exposure To Asbestos in Korea," J. Korean Soc. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 19(3), 307-320(2009).
  11. Sebastien, P., Billon, M. A., Dufour, G., Gaudichet, A., Bonnaud, G. and Bignon, J., "Levels of asbestos air pollution in some environmental situations," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp. 307-320(1979).
  12. Ministry of Environment, "Indoor Air Quality Management Guideline,"(2010).
  13. Ministry of Environment, "Standard Methods for Examination of Air,"(2007).
  14. "Ambient air-Determination of asbestos fibres-Direct-transfer transmission electron microscopy method," ISO 10312 first edition(1995).
  15. "Asbestos and other fibers by PCM," NIOSH 7400 fourth edition(1994).
  16. Park, H.-E., Park, J.-H. and Kim, H.-K., "Concentration Characteristics of Indoor and Outdoor Airborne Total Fiber Particles and Identification of Asbestos in Gyeongnam Provinces," J. Kor. Soc. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 22(2), 119-127(2012).
  17. Byeon, S.-H., Joo. J.-S. and Sohn, J.-R., "A Study on asbestos fibers and the notice of inhabitant in the Bu-pyung station," Korean J. Sanitat., 18(1), 8-14(2003).
  18. Chung, H.-J., Baek, S.-H. and Kim, J.-H., "A Study on Asbestos Concentration of Underground Shops in Daejeon area," J. Kor. Soc. Environ. Admin., 8(2), 207-215 (2002).
  19. Singh, B. and Thouez, J. P., "Ambient Air Concentrations of Asbestos Fibers Near the Town of Asbestos, Quebec," Environ. Res., 36, 144-159(1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(85)90013-1
  20. Besson, P., Lalanne, F. X., Wang, Y. and Guyot, F., "Multiparameter Observation of Environmental Asbestos Pollution at the Institut De Physique Du Globe De Paris (Jussieu Campus, France)," British Occupat. Hygiene Soc., 43(8), 527-541(1999).

피인용 문헌

  1. A Study on the Efficient Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations at Demolition Sites of Asbestos Containing Buildings, etc. in Seoul vol.24, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.15269/JKSOEH.2014.24.2.113
  2. A Study on Characteristics of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations at Demolition Sites and Surrounding Areas of Asbestos Containing Buildings in Seoul vol.36, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2014.36.6.434