Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (대한악안면성형재건외과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Salivary Bacterial Counts on Application Time of Oral Antiseptic Agents and Mechanical Irrigation

구강소독제의 적용 시간 및 기계적 세척 여부에 따른 타액 내 세균 수의 감소 효과

  • Lim, Hyoung-Sup (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Jin (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Mija (Department of Nursing, Pai Chai University) ;
  • Kim, Hak Kyun (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University)
  • 임형섭 (조선대학교 치의학전문대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 김재진 (충남대학교 의학전문대학원 구강악안면외과학교실, 충남대학교 의학연구소) ;
  • 김미자 (배재대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 김학균 (충남대학교 의학전문대학원 구강악안면외과학교실, 충남대학교 의학연구소)
  • Received : 2013.02.12
  • Accepted : 2013.05.15
  • Published : 2013.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish the acceptable intraoral application time of antiseptic agents and evaluate the effect of mechanical irrigation. Methods: A total of 80 subjects were selected for this study. Saliva secreted at the resting state was taken. The subjects were divided into 8 experimental groups, and kept 10% povidone-iodine (PVI) or 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) for 20 or 40 seconds in their oral cavity with/without irrigation of the oral cavity with sterilized normal saline, respectively. Then, the saliva was taken and diluted with phosphate buffered saline and then plated onto 5% sheep blood agar plates, which were incubated. Colony forming unit (CFU) was measured for the salivary bacterial counts. Results: After application of PVI and CHX, all the experimental groups showed statistically significant decrease in CFU (P<0.01). Group 2 (PVI, 40 s) showed more significant reduction rate in CFU than group 4 (CHX, 40 s; P<0.01). Group 6 (PVI, 40 s, irrigated) showed more significant reduction rate than group 2 (PVI, 40 s; P<0.01). Group 2 (PVI, 40 s) showed more significant reduction rate than group 1 (PVI, 20 s; P<0.01). Conclusion: Application of PVI for 40 seconds and mechanical irrigation with sterilized normal saline showed the best result among the 8 groups in terms of the reduction rate of salivary bacterial counts.

Keywords

References

  1. Macfarlane TW, Ferguson MM, Mulgrew CJ. Post-extraction bacteraemia: role of antiseptics and antibiotics. Br Dent J 1984;156:179-81. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4805302
  2. Etiene J, Pangon B, Leport C, et al. Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis. Lancet 1989;1:390.
  3. Freney J, Brun Y, Bes M, et al. Staphylococcus lugdunensis sp. nov. and Staphylococcus schleiferi sp. nov, two species from human clinical specimens. Int Syst Bacteriol 1988;38:168-72. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-38-2-168
  4. Gershenfeld L. Povidone-iodine as a topical antiseptic. Am J Surg 1957;94:938-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(57)90086-7
  5. Shelanski HA, Shelanski MV. PVP-iodine: history, toxicity and therapeutic uses. J Int Coll Surg 1956;25:727-34.
  6. Adamietz IA, Rahn R, Bottcher HD, Schafer V, Reimer K, Fleischer W. Prophylaxis with povidone-iodine against induction of oral mucositis by radiochemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 1998;6:373-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005200050179
  7. Denton GW. Chlorhexidine. In: Block SS, editor. Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p.321-36.
  8. Addy M, Wright R. Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial properties of providone iodine and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinses. J Clin Periodontol 1978;5:198-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb02280.x
  9. Jenkins S, Addy M, Wade W, Newcombe RG. The magnitude and duration of the effects of some mouthrinse products on salivary bacterial counts. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21:397-401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00736.x
  10. Kaiser AB, Kernodle DS, Barg NL, Petracek MR. Influence of preoperative showers on staphylococcal skin colonization: a comparative trial of antiseptic skin cleansers. Ann Thorac Surg 1988;45:35-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)62391-0
  11. Noh KP, Kim HK, Kim SG, Moon SY, Kim HJ. Comparative effects of different application time of povidone-iodine solution on salivary bacterial counts. Oral Bio Res 2008;32:29-36.
  12. Lessa FC, Aranha AM, Nogueira I, Giro EM, Hebling J, Costa CA. Toxicity of chlorhexidine on odontoblast-like cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18:50-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572010000100010
  13. Kim SY, Noh KP, Kim HK, et al. Salivary bacterial counts after application of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;35:312-5.
  14. Kunisada T, Yamada K, Oda S, Hara O. Investigation on the efficacy of povidone-iodine against antiseptic-resistant species. Dermatology 1997;195 Suppl 2:14-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000246025
  15. Niedner R. Cytotoxicity and sensitization of povidone-iodine and other frequently used anti-infective agents. Dermatology 1997;195 Suppl 2:89-92.
  16. Hull PS. Chemical inhibition of plaque. J Clin Periodontol 1980;7:431-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02150.x
  17. Addy M. Chlorhexidine compared with other locally delivered antimicrobials. A short review. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13:957-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01434.x
  18. Gjermo P. Chlorhexidine and related compounds. J Dent Research 1989;68:1602-8.
  19. Addy M, Slayne MA, Wade WG. The formation and control of dental plaque--an overview. J Appl Bacteriol 1992;73:269-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb04977.x
  20. Loe H, Schiott CR, Karring G, Karring T. Two years oral use of chlorhexidine in man. I. General design and clinical effects. J Periodontal Res 1976;11:135-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1976.tb00061.x
  21. Newman MG, Flemmig TF, Nachnani S, et al. Irrigation with 0.06% chlorhexidine in naturally occurring gingivitis. II. 6 months microbiological observations. J Periodontol 1990;61:427-33. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1990.61.7.427
  22. McLure AR, Gordon J. In-vitro evaluation of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 1992;21:291-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(92)90139-D
  23. Kobayashi H, Tsuzuki M, Hosokuchi K. Batericidal effects of antiseptics and disinfectants against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. J Japan Ass Operating Room Tech 1987;8:477-80.
  24. Tosti A, Vincenzi C, Bardazzi F, Mariani R. Allergic contact dermatitis due to povidone-iodine. Contact Dermatitis 1990;23:197-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb04790.x
  25. Block C, Robenshtok E, Simhon A, Shapiro M. Evaluation of chlorhexidine and povidone iodine activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis using a surface test. J Hosp Infect 2000;46:147-52. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhin.2000.0805
  26. O'Shaughnessy M, O'Malley VP, Corbett G, Given HF. Optimum duration of surgical scrub-time. Br J Surg 1991;78:685-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800780617
  27. Nagatake T, Ahmed K, Oishi K. Prevention of respiratory infections by povidone-iodine gargle. Dermatology 2002;204 Suppl 1:32-6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000057722
  28. Rahn R, Schneider S, Diehl O, Schafer V, Shah PM. Preventing post-treatment bacteremia: comparing topical povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine. J Am Dent Assoc 1995;126:1145-9. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0334
  29. Pels E, Vrensen GF. Microbial decontamination of human donor eyes with povidone-iodine: penetration, toxicity, and effectiveness. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:1019-26. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.83.9.1019
  30. Kaysinger KK, Nicholson NC, Ramp WK, Kellam JF. Toxic effects of wound irrigation solutions on cultured tibiae and osteoblasts. J Orthop Trauma 1995;9:303-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199509040-00006
  31. Mac Rae SM, Brown B, Edelhauser HF. The corneal toxicity of presurgical skin antiseptics. Am J Ophthalmol 1984;97:221-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9394(14)76094-5
  32. Smith DR, Ohmura K, Yamagata Z. Prevalence and correlates of hand dermatitis among nurses in a Japanese teaching hospital. J Epidemiol 2003;13:157-61. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.13.157

Cited by

  1. 생리식염수와 에센셜오일을 이용한 가글링이 전신마취를 위한 경구 기관 내 삽관 환자의 균집락화에 미치는 영향 vol.16, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7586/jkbns.2014.16.2.123