Korean Journal of Remote Sensing (대한원격탐사학회지)

Korean Society of Remote Sensing (대한원격탐사학회)
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Surface deformation monitoring of Augustine volcano, Alaska using GPS measurement - A case study of the 2006 eruption -

GPS를 이용한 미국 알래스카 어거스틴 화산의 지표변위 감시 - 2006년 분화를 중심으로 -

  • 김수경 (국립기상연구소 지구환경시스템연구과) ;
  • 황의홍 (국립기상연구소 지구환경시스템연구과) ;
  • 김영화 (국립기상연구소 지구환경시스템연구과) ;
  • 이창욱 (국립기상연구소 지구환경시스템연구과)
  • Received : 2013.10.11
  • Accepted : 2013.10.21
  • Published : 2013.10.31
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Abstract

Augustine is an active stratovolcano located in southwest of Cook Inlet, about 290 kilometers southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. Between January 11 and 28, 2006, the volcano erupted explosively 14 times. We collected twelve permanent GPS stations operating by Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) from 2005 to 2011. All data processing was carried out using Bernese GPS Software V5.0 with IGS precise orbit. Static baseline processing by fixing AC59 station was applied for the volcano activity monitoring. AC59 is the nearest (about 24.5 km) station to Augustine volcano, and located on North America Plate including Augustine Island. The test results show inflation (9.7 cm/yr) and deflation (-9.2 cm/yr) of volcano before and after eruption around crater clearly. After volcano activity has reached a plateau, some of the GPS stations installed north of the volcano show ground subsidence phenomenon caused by compaction of pyroclastic flows. These results indicate the possibility of using surface deformation observed by GPS for monitoring and prediction of volcano activity.

미국 알래스카의 알류산열도에 위치하는 어거스틴 화산은 인근 지역에 위치하는 많은 화산들 중 가장 움직임이 활발한 화산중 하나로, 가장 최근에 발생한 2006년 분화 당시 1월 11일부터 28일까지 총 14번의 분출을 하였으며, 최종적으로 화산폭발지수 3으로 기록되었다. 본 연구에서는 어거스틴에 설치되어 상시운영 중인 12개 GPS 관측소의 2005년부터 2011년까지 관측데이터를 이용하여 2006년 분화 전 후 지표변위 양상을 확인하고 다각도의 분석을 시도하였다. 모든 자료처리는 Bernese GPS Software V5.0를 이용하여 진행하였으며, 어거스틴 화산 인근(약 24.5 km)에 위치한 AC59 관측소를 기지점으로 하는 정밀 기선해석이 수행되었다. 그 결과 분화가 발생하기 약 4개월 전부터 분화구 주변에서 평균 9.7 cm/yr 속도로 지표가 부풀어 오르는 양상이 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, 분화 발생 이후 -9.2 cm/yr의 급격한 침하현상이 확인되었다. 화산활동이 안정기에 접어든 이후에는 화산의 북쪽 사면에 설치된 일부 관측소에서 분화 당시 흘러내린 화산쇄설물의 다짐작용에 의한 침하 현상이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 GPS를 이용하여 관측한 지표의 변화가 화산활동을 감시하고 예측하는데 유용한 자료로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

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