References
- Annison, G., R. J. Hughes, and M. Choct. 1996. Effects of enzyme supplementation on the nutritive value of dehulled lupins. Br. Poult. Sci. 37:157-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669608417845
- Awad, W., K. Ghareeb, and J. Bohm. 2008. Intestinal structure and function of broiler chickens on diets supplemented and symbiotic containing Enterococcus faecium and oligosaccharides. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 9:2205-2216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9112205
- AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Arlingtion, Virgina.
- AOAC. 2005. Official method of analysis (942.12). 17th edn. Association of Officeial Analytical Chemist, Arlington, Virgin, USA.
- Bach Knudsen, K. E. 2005. Effect of dietary non-digestible carbohydrates on the rate of SCFA delivery to peripheral tissues. Foods Food Ingredients J. Jpn. 210:1008-1017.
-
Bolin, D. W., R. P. King, and E. W. Klosterman. 1952. A simplified method for the determination of chromic oxide
$(Cr_2O_3)$ when used as an index substance. Science 116:634-635. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.116.3023.634 - Burhalter, T. M., N. R. Merchen, L. L. Bauer, S. M. Murray, A. R. Patil, J. L. Brent, and G. C. Fahey. 2001. The ratio of insoluble to soluble fiber components in soybean hulls affect ileal and total-tract nutrient digestibilities and fecal characteristics of dogs. J. Nutr. 131:1978-1985.
- Carre, B., J. Gomez, and A. M. Chagneau. 1995. Contribution of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide digestion, and excreta losses of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids, to dietary metabolisable energy values in broiler chickens and adult cockerels. Br. Poult. Sci. 36:611-629. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669508417807
- Choct, M. and G. Annison. 1990. Anti-nutritional activity of wheat pantodans in broiler diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 31:811-821. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669008417312
- Choct, M. 1997. Feed non-starch polysaccharides: chemical structures and nutritional significance. Feed. Mill. Intern. pp. 13-26.
- Egnlyst, H. N., E. Q. Michael, and J. H. Geoffrey. 1994. Determination of dietary fiber as non-starch polysaccharides with gas-liquid chromatographic, high-performance liquid chromatographic or spectrophotometric measurement of constituent sugars. Analyst 119:1497-1509. https://doi.org/10.1039/an9941901497
- Fereridoun, H., A. Bahram, K. Soltanieh, S. A. Abbass, and H. Pouria. 2007. Mean percentage of skin and visible fat in 10 chicken carcass weight. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 6:43-47. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2007.43.47
- Forman, L. P. and B. O. Schneeman.1980. Effect of dietary pectin and fat on the small intestine content and exsocrine pancreas of rats. J. Nutr. 110:1992-1999.
- Furuse, M., S. I. Yang, H. Niwa, and J. Okumura. 1991. Effect of short chain fatty acids on the performance and intestine weight in germ free and conventional chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 32:159-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071669108417337
- Gonzalez-Alvarado, J. M., E. Jimenez-Moreno, R. Lazaro, and G. G. Mateos. 2007. Effect of type of cereal, heat processing of the cereal, and inclusion of fiber in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers. Poult. Sci. 86:1705-1715. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.8.1705
- Gonzalez-Alvarado, J. M., E. Jimenez-Moreno, D. G. Valencia, R. Lazaro, and G. G. Mateos. 2008. Effects if fiber source and heat processing of the cereal on the development and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed diets based on corn or rice. Poult. Sci. 87:1779-1795. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00070
- Gracia, M. I., M. A. Lantorre, M. Garcia, R. Lazaro, and G. G. Mateos. 2003. Heat processing of barley and enzyme supplementation of diets for broilers. Poult. Sci. 82:1281-1291. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.8.1281
- Hetland, H. and B. Svihus. 2001. Effect of oat hulls on performance, gut capacity and feed passage time in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 42:354-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660120055331
- Hetland, H., B. Svihus, and M. Choct. 2005. Role of insoluble fiber on gizzard activity in layers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14:38-46. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.1.38
- Hill, F. W. and D. L. Anderson. 1958. Comparison of metabolizable energy and productive energy determinations with growing chicks. J. Nutr. 64:587-603.
- Johnson, L. J., S. Noll, A. Renteria and J. Shurson. 2003. Feeding by-product high in concentration of fiber to nonruminants. Proc. 3rd National Symposium on Alternative Feeds for Licestock and Poultry., Kansas, Missouri.
- Maharrery, A. and A. A. Mohammadpour. 2005. Effect of diets different qualities of barley on growth performance and serum amylase and intestinal villus morphology. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 4:549-556. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.549.556
- Matterson, L. D., L. M. Potter, N. W. Stutz, and E. P. Singsen. 1965. The metabolizable energy of feed ingredients for chickens. Research Report 7:3-11.
-
McNab, J. M. and R. R. Smithard. 1992. Barley
$\beta$ -glucan: An antinutritional factor in poultry feeding. Nutr. Res. Rev. 5:45-60. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19920006 - Mendoza, E. M. T., M. Adachi, A. E. N. Bernardo, and S. Utsumi. 2001. Mungbean [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek] globulins: purification and characterization. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49:1552-1558. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001041h
- Montagne, L., J. R. Pluske, and D. J. Hampson. 2003. A review of interactions between dietary fibre and intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 108:95-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00163-9
- Mubarak, A. E. 2005. Nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of mung bean seeds (Phaseolus aureus) as affected by some home traditional processes. Food Chem. 89:489-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.007
- Mujahid, A., M. Asif, I. ul Haq, M. Abdullah, and A. H. Gilani. 2003. Nutrient digestibility of broiler feeds containing different levels of variously processed rice bran stored for different periods. Poult. Sci. 82:1438-1443. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.9.1438
- Nutritional Research Council. 1994. Nutrition requirements of poultry. 9th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
- Robinson, D. and D. N. Singh. 2001. Alternative protein sources for laying hens. A report for the rural industries research and development corporation. Queensland Poultry Research and Development Centre. Queensland, Australia.
- Rogel, A. M., D. Balnave, W. L. Bryden, and E. F. Annison. 1987. Improvement of raw potato starch digestion in chickens by feeding oat hulls and other fiber feedstuffs. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 38:629-637. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9870629
- Roll, B. A., A. Turvey, and M. E. Coats. 1978. The influence of the gut microflora and dietary fibre on epithelial cell migration in the intestine. Br. Poult. Sci. 39:91-98.
- SAS Institute Inc. 2003. SAS/SAT guide for personal computers: Version 9.13th edn. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
- Sklan, D., A. Smirnov, and I. Plavnik. 2003. The effect of dietary fibre on the small intestines and apparent digestion in the turkey. Br. Poult. Sci. 44:735-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001643750
- The Office of Agricultural Economics. The information of mung bean production. http://www2.oae.go.th/statistic/yearbook50 /production/fieldcrop/mungbean50.xls. Accessed October 2009.
- Trowell, H. 1976. Definition of dietary fiber and hypotheses that it is a protective factor in certain diseases. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 29:417-427.
- Villamide, M. T. and L. D. San Juan. 1998. Effect of chemical composition of sunflower seed meal on its metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility. Poult. Sci. 77:1884-1892. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/77.12.1884
- Wan, H. F., W. Chen, Z. L. Qi, P. Peng, and J. Peng. 2009. Prediction of true metabolizable energy from chemical composition of wheat milling by-products for ducks. Poult. Sci. 88:92-97. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2008-00160
- Wilson, K. J. and R. S. Beyer. 2000. Poultry nutrition information for small flock. Publication from Kansas State Univ. http://www.oznet.ksu.edu. Accessed Dec. 2010.
- Yason, C. V., B. A. Summer, and K. A. Schat. 1987. Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: Pathology. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48:927-938.
- Yamauchi, K. 2002. Review on chicken intestinal villus histological alterations related with intestinal function. Poult. Sci. 39:229-242. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.39.229