한국자동차공학회논문집 (Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers)

  • 제21권6호
  • /
  • Pages.155-165
  • /
  • 2013
  • /
  • 1225-6382(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-0149(eISSN)
한국자동차공학회 (The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

가솔린 엔진에서 가솔린-암모니아 혼합 연료의 연소 및 배기 특성

Combustion Characteristics and Exhaust Emissions in Spark-ignition Engine Using Gasoline-ammonia

  • 유경현 (군산대학교 기계자동차공학부)
  • Ryu, Kyunghyun (School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Kunsan National University)
  • 투고 : 2013.04.05
  • 심사 : 2013.05.14
  • 발행 : 2013.11.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The effect of gaseous ammonia direct injection on the engine performance and exhaust emissions in gasoline-ammonia dual fueled spark-ignition engine was investigated in this study. Results show that based on the gasoline contribution engine power increases as the ammonia injection timing and duration is advanced and increased, respectively. However, as the initial amount of gasoline is increased the maximum power output contribution from ammonia is reduced. For gasoline-ammonia, the appropriate injection timing is found to range from 320 BTDC at low loads to 370 BTDC at high loads and the peak pressures are slightly lower than that for gasoline due to the slow flame speed of ammonia, resulting in the reduction of combustion efficiency. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) for gasoline-ammonia has little difference compared to the BSEC for gasoline only. Ammonia direct injection causes slight reduction of $CO_2$ and CO for all presented loads but significantly increases HC due to the low combustion efficiency of ammonia. Also, ammonia direct injection results in both increased ammonia and NOx in the exhaust due to formation of fuel NOx and ammonia slip.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. N. Saravanan and G. Nagarajan, "Performance and Emission Studies on Port Injection of Hydrogen with Varied Flow Rates with Diesel as an Ignition Source," Applied Energy, Vol.87, No.7, pp.2218-2229, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.01.014
  2. D. J. Brodrecht and J. J. Rusek, "Aluminum-hydrogen Peroxide Fuel-cell Studies," Applied Energy, Vol.74, Issues 1-2, pp.113-124, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(02)00137-X
  3. S. Sukuraman and S. C. Kong, "Numerical Study on Mixture Formation Characteristics in a Direct-injection Hydrogen Engine," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol.35, Issue 15, pp.7991-8007, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.05.090
  4. J. M. Modak, "Haber Process for Ammonia Synthesis," Resonance, Vol.7, pp.69-77, 2002.
  5. D. Richards and R. W. Henderson, "OTEC Produced Ammonia - An Alternative Fuel," 8th Ocean Energy Conference, pp.665-673, 1981.
  6. M. Appl, Ammonia - Principles and Industrial Practice, Wiley-VCH, Germany, 1999.
  7. R. G. Grimes, "Energy Depot Fuel Production and Utilization," SAE 650051, 1965.
  8. E. Kroch, "Ammonia - A Fuel for Motor Buses," Journal of the Institute of Petroleum, Vol.31, pp.213-223, 1945.
  9. E. S. Starkman, H. K. Newhall, R. Sutton, T. Maguire and L. Farbar, "Ammonia as a Spark Ignition Engine Fuel: Theory and Application," SAE 660155, 1966.
  10. S. M. Grannell, D. N. Assanis, S. V. Bohac and D. E. Gillespie, "The Fuel Mix Limits and Efficiency of a Stoichiometric, Ammonia, and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine," ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.130, No.4, pp.1-8, 2008.
  11. J. T. Gray, E. Dimitroff, N. T. Meckel and R. D. Quillian, "Ammonia Fuel - Engine Compatibility and Combustion," SAE 660156, 1966.
  12. T. J. Pearsall and C. G. Garabedian, "Combustion of Anhydrous Ammonia in Diesel Engines," SAE 670947, 1967.
  13. K. Bro and P. S. Pederson, "An Experimental Investigation of Methanol, Ethanol, Methane and Ammonia in a D.I. Diesel Engine with Pilot Injection," SAE 770794, 1977.
  14. Iowa Energy Center, http://www.energy.iastate.edu/Renewable/ammonia/index.htm, 2012.
  15. A. J. Reiter and S. C. Kong, "Demonstration of Compression-ignition Engine Combustion Using Ammonia in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Energy & Fuels, Vol.22, pp.2963-2971, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef800140f
  16. K. H. Ryu, G. Zacharakis-Jutz and S.-C. Kong, "Effect of Fuel Compositions on Diesel Engine Performance Using Ammonia-DME Mixtures," SAE 2013-01-1133, 2013.
  17. R. Liu, D. S. K. Ting and M. D. Checkel, "Ammonia as a Fuel for SI Engine," SAE 2003-01-3095, 2003.
  18. J. R. Bartels, A Feasibility Study of Implementing an Ammonia Economy, M. S. Thesis, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 2008.
  19. J. Jang, Y. Woo, Y. Lee and J. Kim, "The Examination on Corrosiveness of Vehicle Fuel System by Ammonia," KSAE Annual Conference Proceedings, pp.669-673, 2012.
  20. Y.-D. Kim, S.-J. Jeong and W.-S. Kim, "Effect of Water on the Kinetics of Nitric Oxides Reduction by Ammonia over V-based Catalyst," Transactions of KSAE, Vol.20, No.6, pp.73-82, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7467/KSAE.2012.20.6.073
  21. M.-F. Hsieh and J. Wang, "Sliding-mode Observer for Urea-selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Mid-catalyst Ammonia Concentration Estimation," Int. J. Automotive Technology, Vol.12, No.3, pp.321-329, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-011-0038-4