Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Rating of steel bridges considering fatigue and corrosion

  • Lalthlamuana, R. (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology) ;
  • Talukdar, S. (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology)
  • Received : 2012.10.17
  • Accepted : 2013.08.16
  • Published : 2013.09.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the present work, the capacity ratings of steel truss bridges have been carried out incorporating dynamic effect of moving vehicles and its accumulating effect as fatigue. Further, corrosion in the steel members has been taken into account to examine the rating factor. Dynamic effect has been considered in the rating procedure making use of impact factors obtained from simulation studies as well as from codal guidelines. A steel truss bridge has been considered to illustrate the approach. Two levels of capacity ratings- the upper load level capacity rating (called operating rating) and the lower load level capacity rating (called inventory rating) were found out using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method and a proposal has been made which incorporates fatigue in the rating formula. Random nature of corrosion on the steel member has been taken into account in the rating by considering reduced member strength. Partial safety factor for each truss member has been obtained from the fatigue reliability index considering random variables on the fatigue parameters, traffic growth rate and accumulated number of stress cycle using appropriate probability density function. The bridge has been modeled using Finite Element software. Regressions of rating factor versus vehicle gross weight have been obtained. Results show that rating factor decreases when the impact factor other than those in the codal provisions are considered. The consideration of fatigue and member corrosion gives a lower value of rating factor compared to those when both the effects are ignored. In addition to this, the study reveals that rating factor decreases when the vehicle gross weight is increased.

Keywords

References

  1. Akgul, F. and Fragopol, D.M. (2004), "Bridge rating and reliability correlation: comprehensive study for different bridge types", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 130(7), 1063-1074. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:7(1063)
  2. ASCE Committee on Fatigue and Fracture Reliability (1982a), "Fatigue reliability: introduction", Journal of the Structural Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, 108(ST1), 3-3.
  3. ASCE Committee on Fatigue and Fracture Reliability (1982b), "Fatigue reliability: quality assurance and maintainability", Journal of the Structural Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, 108(ST1), 25-46.
  4. ASCE Committee on Fatigue and Fracture Reliability (1982c), "Fatigue reliability: variable amplitude loading", Journal of the Structural Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, 108(ST1), 47-69.
  5. ASCE Committee on Fatigue and Fracture Reliability (1982d), "Fatigue reliability: development of criteria for design", Journal of the Structural Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE, 108(ST1), 71-87.
  6. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official (AASHTO) (2008), The Manual for Bridge Evaluation, 1st Edition,Washington, D.C.
  7. Bathe, K.J. and Wilson, E.L. (1985), Numerical methods in Finite Element Analysis, Prentice Hall
  8. Bhavikatti, S.S. (2009), Design of Steel Structures, 2nd Edition, I.K. International Publishing House, NewDelhi.
  9. Biezma, M.V. and Schanack, F. (2007), "Collapse of steel bridge", Journals of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE, 21(5), 398-405. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2007)21:5(398)
  10. Cai, C.S. and Shahawy (2003), "Understanding capacity rating of bridges from load test", Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, ASCE, 8(4), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0680(2003)8:4(209)
  11. Chopra, A.K. (2007), Dynamics of Structures-Theory and Application to Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
  12. Dowling, N.E. (1972), "Fatigue failure predictions for complicated strain histories", Journal of Materials, 7(1), 71-87.
  13. Fisher, J.W., Frank, K.H., Hirt, M.A. and McNamee, B.M. (1970), "Effect of Weldments on the Fatigue Strength of Steel Beams." National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 102, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D. C.
  14. Imam, B.M. and Righiniotis, T.D. (2010), "Fatigue evaluation of riveted railway bridge through global and local analysis", Journals of Constructional Steel Research, 66(11), 1411-1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.04.015
  15. Indian Road Congress (2000), "Standard specification and code of practice for road bridges-II (Load and Stresses)-4th Revision", IRC 6: 2000, New Delhi.
  16. Kayser, J.R. and Nowak, A.S. (1987), "Evaluation of corroded steel bridges", Bridges and Transmission Line Structures, ASCE, 35-46.
  17. Kayser, J.R. and Nowak, A.S. (1989), "Capacity loss due to corrosion in steel -girder bridges", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 115(6), 1525-1537. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1989)115:6(1525)
  18. Khedmati, M.R., Roshanali, M.M. and Nouri, Z.H.M.E. (2011), "Strength of steel plates with both-sides randomly distributed with corrosion wastage under uniaxial compression", Thin-Walled Structures, 49(2), 325-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2010.10.002
  19. Komp, M.E. (1987), "Atmospheric corrosion ratings of weathering steels-calculations and significance", Materials Performance, 26(7), 42-44
  20. Kwon, K. and Frangopol, M. (2010), "Bridge fatigue reliability assessment using probability density functions of equivalent stress range based on field monitoring data", International Journal of Fatigue, 32(8), 1221-1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.01.002
  21. LRFD - AASHTO, Bridge Design Specification, Load and Resistance Factor Design (2007), 4th Edition, Washington, D.C.
  22. Miner, M.A. (1945), "Cumulative damage in fatigue." Journal of Applied Mechanics, 12(3), 159-164.
  23. Mohammdi, J. and Polepeddi, R. (2000), "Bridge rating with consideration for fatigue damage from overloads", Journal of Bridge Engineering, ASCE, 5(3), 259-265. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2000)5:3(259)
  24. Moses, F., Schilling, C.G. and Raju, K.S. (1987), "Fatigue evaluation procedures for steel bridges", National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 299, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
  25. Ohyagi, M. (1987), "Statistical survey on wear of ship's structural members", Tokyo: NK Technical Bulletin.
  26. Pipnato, A. and Modena, C. (2010), "Structural analysis and fatigue reliability assessment of the paderno bridge", Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, ASCE, 15(2), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000037
  27. Ranganathan, R. (1999), "Structural reliability: analysis and design", Jaico Publishing House 121, M.G. Road, Mumbai.
  28. Sasmal, S., Ramanjaneyuluk, K., Gopalakrishna, S. and Lakshamann, N. (2006), "Fuzzy logic based condition rating of existing bridges", ASCE Journal of Performance and Construction Facilities, 20(3), 261-273. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2006)20:3(261)
  29. Schelling, D.R. and Fu, C.C. (1984), "Comparison of bridge rating methods", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 110(7), 1447-1466. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:7(1447)
  30. Smith, I.F.C. and Hirt, M.A. (1987), "Fatigue reliability: ECCS safety factor", Journals of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 113(3), 623-628. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:3(623)
  31. Thanoon, W.A., Abdulrazeg, A.A, Noorzaei, J., Jaafar, M.M. and Kohnehpooshi, O. (2011), "Soil Structure Interaction for Integral Abutment Bridge Using Spring analogy Approach", IOP Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering.
  32. Wirsching, P.H. (1984), "Fatigue reliability for offshore structures", ASCE Journals of Structural Engineering, 110(10), 2340-2356. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:10(2340)

Cited by

  1. Fatigue Reliability Evaluation of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks Based on Site-Specific Weigh-in-Motion Measurements pp.2093-6311, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-018-0109-8
  2. FE simulation of S-N curves for a riveted connection using two-stage fatigue models vol.2, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/acd.2017.2.4.333