Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development of an integrated approach for Algerian building seismic damage assessment

  • Received : 2012.08.07
  • Accepted : 2013.08.07
  • Published : 2013.08.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents a framework for seismic damage evaluation for Algerian buildings adapted from HAZUS approach (Hazard-United States). Capacity and fragility curves were adapted to fit the Algerian building typologies (Reinforced Concrete structures, Confined or Non-Confined Masonry, etc). For prediction purposes, it aims to estimate the damages and potential losses that may be generated by a given earthquake in a prone area or country. Its efficiency is validated by comparing the estimated and observed damages in Boumerd$\grave{e}$s city, in the aftermath of Boumerd$\grave{e}$s earthquake (Algeria: May $21^{st}$ 2003; $M_w$ = 6.8). For this purpose, observed damages reported for almost 3,700 buildings are compared to the theoretical predictions obtained under two distinct modelling of the seismic hazard. In one hand, the site response spectrum is built according to real accelerometric records obtained during the main shock. In the other hand, the effective Algerian seismic code response spectrum (RPA 99) in use by the time of the earthquake is considered; it required the prior fitting of Boumerd$\grave{e}$s site PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) provided by Ambraseys' attenuation relationship.

Keywords

References

  1. Ambraseys, N.N., Douglas, J., Sarma, S.K. and Smith, P.M. (2005), "Equations for the estimation of strong ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes using data from Europe and the Middle East: horizontal peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration", Bull. Earthquake Eng., 3(1), 1-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-005-0183-0
  2. Applied Technology Council, ATC-40 (1996), Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, 1, Redwood City, California.
  3. Belabbes, S., Meghraoui, M., Cakir, Z. and Bouhadad, Y. (2009), "InSAR analysis of a blind thrust rupture and related active folding: the 1999 Ain Temouchent earthquake (Mw 5.7, Algeria) case study", J. Seismol, 13, 421-432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-008-9135-x
  4. Belazougui, M. (2008), "Boumerdes Algeria earthquake of May 21, 2003: damage analysis and behavior of beam-column reinforced concrete structures", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.
  5. Bertero, V. and Shah, H. (1983), "El-Asnam, Algeria earthquake of October10, 1980", A Reconnaissance and Engineering Report, EERI, January.
  6. Bezzeghoud, M. and Buforn, E. (1996), "Study of the Athusemas (26/05/94) and Mascara (18/08/94) earthquakes and seismotectonics of the region", Ann Geoph, EGS, Part I, 14, 88, The Hague, May.
  7. Bouhadad, Y., Nour, A., Laouami, N. and Belhai, D. (2003), "The Beni-Ourtilane-Tachaouaft fault and Seismotectonic aspects of the Babors region (NE of Algeria)", J. Seismol, 7, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021259931865
  8. Boukri, M. and Bensaibi, M. (2008), "Vulnerability index of Algiers masonry buildings", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.
  9. Bounif, A., Dorbath, C., Ayadi, A., Meghraoui, M., Beldjoudi, H., Laouami, N., Frogneux, M., Slimani, A., Kharroubi, A., Ousadou, F., Chikh, M., Harbi, A., Larbes, S. and Maouche, S. (2004), "The 21 May 2003 Zemmouri (Algeria) earthquake Mw 6.8: Relocation and aftershock sequence analysis", Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L19606, doi:10.1029/2004GL020586.
  10. Bounif, A., Haessler, H. and Meghraoui, M. (1987), "The Constantine (northeast Algeria) earthquake of October 27, 1985: surface ruptures and aftershock study", Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 85, 451-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90140-3
  11. CTC (1981), General Report on Ech-Cheliff (El Asnam) Earthquake of October 10th, 1980, Construction Technical Control, Algeria.
  12. CGS (2003), "Statistical study on the damaged buildings following the Boumerdès earthquake of May 21st, 2003", Report, National Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, CGS.
  13. CGS (2009), "Seismic microzonation study of urban areas in Boumerdes City", Report, National Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, CGS.
  14. Charles, S. (2005), "History of Risk Model Development", Open-source catastrophe risk modeling: How can we do it better? Workshop, California, United States.
  15. Chiroiu, L. (2004), "Earthquake modeling of consecutive damage, extension to other natural risks", PhD Thesis in Geography, University of Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, France. (in French)
  16. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (1999), "Capacity demand diagram methods based on inelastic design spectrum", Earthq. Spectra, 15(4), 637-656. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586065
  17. Clark, K. (2002), "The use of computer modelling in estimating and managing future catastrophe losses", The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance, 27(2), 15.
  18. Comartin, C., Niewiarowski, R., Freeman, S.A. and Turner, F. (2000), "Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings", A practical Overview of the ATC 40 Document, Earthq. Spectra, 16, 1-310.
  19. Construction Technical Control, CTC (1981), "El Asnam Earthquake Report", Algeria.
  20. Dunand, F. (2005), "Relevance of the seismic H/V for the dynamic characterization and seismic diagnosis assistance of civil engineering structures", PhD Thesis, University of Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble I, France. (in French)
  21. Eleftheriadou, A.K. and Karabinis, A.I. (2011), "Seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings based on damage data after a near field earthquake (7 September 1999 Athens - Greece)", Earthq. Struct., 3(2), 117-140.
  22. Fajfar, P. (1999), "Capacity spectrum methods based on inelastic demand spectra", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 28, 979-993. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199909)28:9<979::AID-EQE850>3.0.CO;2-1
  23. Farsi, M.N. and Bard, P.Y. (2004), "Bulding eigenperiods estimation and existing building vulnerability in the area of Grenoble", Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 10. (in French)
  24. Farsi, M.N. and Belazougui, M. (1992). "The Mont Chenoua (Algeria) earthquake of October 29th 1989; damage assessement and distribution", Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Madrid, Spain.
  25. Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA (2002), HAZUS99: Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology, Technical Manual, Washington, DC, United States.
  26. Frolova, N. (2007), "GIS-Based EXTREMUM system application for risk assessment in earthquake prone areas", Analysis and Synthesis of Loss Estimations and Risk Assessment Methodologies for Prediction and Prevention of Catastrophes, Workshop on Open-Source Risk Software, California, United States.
  27. Grunthal, G. and Levret, A. (2001), Cahiers du Centre Europeen de Geodynamique et de Seismologie, 19, Luxembourg.
  28. Guillier, B., Machane, D., Oubaiche, E., Chatelain, J. L., Ait Meziane, Y., Ben Salem, R., Dunand, F., Gueguen, P., Hadid, M., Hellel, M., Kibboua, A., Laouami, N., Mezouer, N., Nour, A. and Remas, A. (2004), "Preliminary results on the soil fundamental frequencies and amplifications obtained by the H/V study, on the Boumerdes city, Algeria", Memory of the geological service of Algeria, 12, 103-114. (in French)
  29. Hellel, M., Chatelain, J.L., Guillier, B., Machane, D., Ben Salem, R., Oubaiche, E. and Haddoum, H. (2010), "Heavier damages without site effects and site effects with lighter damages: Boumerdes City (Algeria) after the May 2003 earthquake", Seismol. Res. Lett., 81(1), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.1.37
  30. Jerez, S. and Mebarki, A. (2011), "Seismic assessment of framed buildings: a pseudo-adaptive uncoupled modal response analysis", J Earthq. Eng., World Scientific Publishing Co., 15(7), 1015-1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2010.547649
  31. Laouami, N., Slimani, A., Bouhadad, Y., Chatelain, J.L. and Nour, A. (2006), "Evidence for fault-related directionality and localized site effects from strong motion records of the 2003 Boumerdès (Algeria) earthquake: Consequences on damage distribution and the Algerian seismic code", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 26, 993-1003.
  32. Mahaney, J.A., Terrence, F.P., Bryan, E.K. and Sigmund, A.F. (1993), "The capacity spectrum method for evaluating structural response during the Loma Prieta earthquake", Proceedings of the 1993 United States National Earthquake Conference, Memphis, Tennessee, 2, 501-510.
  33. Mathur, V.K., Agrawal, S.K. and Chourasia, A. (2004), "Microzonation studies as impacted by recent earthquakes in India", World Congress on Natural Disaster Mitigation, The Institution of Engineers (I), New Delhi.
  34. Mebarki, A. (2009), "A comparative study of different PGA attenuation and error models: case of 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake", Tectonophysics, 466(3-4), 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.026
  35. Mehani, Y., Bechtoula, H., Kibboua, A. and Naili, M. (2013), "Assessment of seismic fragility curves for existing RC buildings in Algiers after the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake", Struct. Eng. Mech., 46(6), 791-808. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.46.6.791
  36. Meslem, A., Yamazaki, F., Maruyama, Y., Benouar, D., Laouami, N. and Benkaci, N. (2010), "Site-response characteristics evaluated from strong motion records of the 2003 Boumerdes, Algeria earthquake", Earthq. Spectra, 26(3), 803-823. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3459158
  37. Meslem, A. and Yamazaki, F. (2011), "Accurate evaluation of building damage in the 2003 Boumerdes, Algeria earthquake from Quickbird satellite images", J. Earthq. Tsunami, 5(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431111001029
  38. Meslem, A., Yamazaki, F., Maruyama, Y., Benouar, D., Kibboua, A. and Mehani, Y. (2012), "The effects of building characteristics and site conditions on the damage distribution in Boumerdès after the 2003 Algeria earthquake", Earthq. Spectra, 28(1), 185-216. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3675581
  39. Milutinovic, Z.V. and Trendafiloski, G.S. (2003), RISK-UE An advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns, WP4: Vulnerability of current buildings.
  40. National Institute of Building Sciences website, NIBS (2012), "Multi-hazard risk assessment/HAZUS", Washington, DC, United States.
  41. Okasaki, K. and Radius Team (2000), "Radius initiative for IDNDR-How to reduce urban seismic risk", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand.
  42. Ousadou, F., Dorbath, L., Dorbath, C., Bounif, M.A. and Benhallou, H. (2013), "The Constantine (Algeria) seismic sequence of 27 October 1985: a new rupture model from aftershock relocation, focal mechanisms, and stress tensors", J. Seismol, 17(2), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9320-9
  43. Pagnini, L.C., Vicente, R., Lagomarsino, S. and Varum, H. (2011), "A mechanical model for the seismic vulnerability assessment of old masonry buildings", Earthq. Struct, 2(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2011.2.1.025
  44. RPA (2000), Algerian building code, RPA99, DTR-B.C.2.48, Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning, Algeria.
  45. RPA (2004), Algerian building code, RPA99/2003, DTR-B.C.2.48, Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning, Algeria.
  46. Shahriar, A., Modirzadeh, M., Sadiq, R. and Tesfamariam, S. (2012), "Seismic induced damageability evaluation of steel buildings: a Fuzzy-TOPSIS method", Earthq. Struct, 3(5), 695-717. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.5.695
  47. Tyagunov, S., Grünthal, G., Wahlstrom, R., Stempniewski, L. and Zschau, J. (2006), "Seismic risk mapping for Germany", Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 573-586. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-573-2006
  48. Van Westen, C.J. and Hofstee, P. (2001), "The role of remote sensing and GIS in risk mapping and damage assessment for disaster in urban areas", Second Forum Catastrophy Mitigation: Natural Disasters, Impact, Mitigation, Tools, Leipzig, Germany.
  49. Yeh, C.H., Loh, C.H. and Tsai, K.C. (2006), "Overview of Taiwan earthquake loss estimation system", Nat Hazards, 37(1-2), 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-4654-z
  50. Yelles-Chaouche, A.K., Djellit, H., Derder, M.E.M., Abtout, A. and Bourouis, S. (1997), "The ain benian fault: a new active coastal fault revealed by the Algiers September 4 1996 earthquake", IASPE, Thessaloniki, Greece, August.
  51. Yelles-Chaouche, A.K. (2003), "Recent seismic activity in northern Algeria", Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Cited by

  1. Uncertainties in seismic response of a torsional irregular structure 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1304271
  2. Automatic modeling method for regional seismic damage assessment of school buildings in Taiwan vol.39, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2016.1146091
  3. Seismic risk and damage prediction: case of the buildings in Constantine city (Algeria) vol.12, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9594-0
  4. Knowledge-based system for damage assessment after earthquake: Algerian buildings case vol.20, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-019-00143-z